Have you been studying Italian for a while? If so, it’s time to step up your skills and venture into more advanced scenarios. In this guide, we have listed a great number of advanced phrases, structures, and idioms that will help you show competence and confidence in the most diverse of environments.

It is important to study advanced Italian phrases because it will allow you to fit right in wherever you are. For example, if you plan on attending an Italian university, knowing advanced phrases will help you write an essay or perform well in an oral exam. Or, you might need to submit your resume to apply for your dream job; advanced phrases will definitely help with that while also giving you more confidence when it’s time for your interview. And how about participating in business meetings? Do you have the necessary skills? In any of these situations, our guide to the most useful advanced Italian phrases will help you demonstrate your Italian proficiency.

So, let’s start right away: prendi due piccioni con una fava. Learn useful advanced Italian phrases while having fun with ItalianPod101! And if you want to know what that phrase means, just keep reading until the end, where you’ll find a fascinating chapter about Italian idioms.

Are you ready for some advanced Italian phrases?

Table of Contents

1. Advanced Italian Phrases for Academic Writing
2. Advanced Italian Phrases for Your Cover Letter
3. Advanced Italian Phrases for Business and Meetings
4. Advanced Italian Idioms, Sayings, and Proverbs for Everyday Usage
5. Conclusion

1. Advanced Italian Phrases for Academic Writing

Italian universities offer great opportunities for foreign students to study topics related to Italian culture and to take advanced economy or science courses. Although you can find classes in English, being enrolled in an Italian university—especially for advanced studies—means that you’ll need to know sufficient Italian to sustain complex conversations, hold interviews, and write structured and coherent text for assignments and essays.

Below, you’ll find several advanced Italian phrases you can use to structure your essay, organize your thoughts, prove your point, and present your opinion or thesis. 

Per prima cosa / La cosa più importante  “First of all” / “First and foremost”

Per prima cosa, cominciamo a definire i nostri obiettivi. “First of all, we start by defining our goals.”

In vista di / In considerazione di  “In view of” / “In consideration of”

In vista del prossimo esame, passerò più tempo in biblioteca. “In view of the upcoming exam, I will be spending more time in the library.”

Secondo quanto detto da X / In riferimento alle opinioni di X  “According to what X said”

Secondo quanto detto da Leonardo a proposito del volo, se lo provi una volta continuerai sempre a guardare il cielo. “According to what Leonardo said about flying, if you try it once, you will be forever looking at the sky.”

Inoltre / In aggiunta  “Furthermore” / “In addition”

In aggiunta a quanto già detto, possiamo affermare che questa scoperta è un’assoluta novità. “In addition to what has already been said, we can say that this discovery is an absolute novelty.”

A questo scopo / Con questa intenzione  “For this purpose” / “With this intention”

A questo scopo, è utile sfruttare tutte le conoscenze acquisite fin qui. “For this purpose, it is useful to exploit all the knowledge acquired so far.”

In altre parole / In breve  “In other words” / “In short”

In altre parole, l’autore ha voluto esprimere il suo dolore in questa poesia. “In other words, the author wanted to express his pain in this poem.”

Allo stesso modo / Ugualmente  “Similarly” / “Likewise”

Allo stesso modo, dobbiamo riconsiderare anche il nostro approccio. “Likewise, we must also reconsider our approach.”

Un altro fattore chiave da ricordare / Un aspetto ugualmente significante  “Another key factor to remember” / “An equally significant aspect”

Un altro fattore chiave da ricordare è che non tutti gli elementi fanno parte di un gruppo. “Another key factor to remember is that not all elements are part of a group.”

Al contrario / D’altro canto / In alternativa  “Conversely” / “On the other hand” / “Alternatively”

D’altro canto, non possiamo affermarlo con certezza. “On the other hand, we cannot say that with certainty.”

In confronto a / Rispetto a  “In comparison with” / “Compared to”

Rispetto al Medioevo, la nostra vita è estremamente sicura. “Compared to the Middle Ages, modern life is extremely safe.”

Nonostante questo / Ciò nonostante  “Despite this” / “Nevertheless”

Ciò nonostante, tutti gli indizi supportano la nostra teoria. “Nevertheless, all the clues support our theory.”

A prova di ciò / Per fare un esempio  “As proof of this” / “To give an example”

Per fare un esempio, il 1881 fu un anno controverso. “For example, 1881 was a controversial year.”

Questo spiega come / Se ne può dedurre che / Ne consegue che  “This explains how” / “It can be deduced that” / “It follows that”

Se ne può dedurre che la somma dei lati equivale al perimetro. “It can be deduced that the sum of the sides equals the perimeter.”

Si può notare che / La cosa più significativa  “It can be noted that” / “The most significant thing”

Si può notare che gli studi di genere si sono moltiplicati negli ultimi decenni. “It can be noted that gender studies have multiplied in recent decades.”

Tutto considerato  “All things considered”

Tutto considerato, questo corso mi è stato veramente utile. “All things considered, this course was really helpful to me.”

In conclusione / In ultima analisi / Volendo riassumere  “In conclusion” / “Ultimately” / “Wanting to summarize”

In ultima analisi, l’apprendimento di una lingua dipende da tanti fattori. “Ultimately, learning a language depends on many factors.”

To write a good essay, you first have to organize your thoughts.

➜ Remember that the correct use of connecting adverbs will help you to convey your point more convincingly. These and more you can find in our free vocabulary list on ItalianPod101.com!

2. Advanced Italian Phrases for Your Cover Letter

Writing the perfect cover letter is an art… 

First of all, it’s essential that your cover letter be personalized for each job you’re applying to. You will need to research every company you’re sending an application to so that you can say something in your letter that applies directly and only to them.

It’s also necessary that you use phrases and concepts that stand out. You want to be memorable, but at the same time, you don’t want the employer to think you’re trying too hard.

Here are some advanced action phrases that will help you get your dream job. You can also use them in your interviews to make sure you leave a great impression.

La contatto per sottoporre la mia candidatura. “I’m contacting you to submit my application.”

Sono sicuro/a di essere la persona adatta per questa posizione. “I am sure I am the right person for this position.”

Sono certo/a di possedere tutte le qualifiche indicate nell’annuncio di lavoro. “I am sure that I have all the qualifications indicated in the job advertisement.”

Possiedo una vasta esperienza nel campo di  ___. “I have extensive experience in the field of ___.”

La vostra offerta di lavoro ha particolarmente suscitato la mia attenzione. “Your job offer has particularly caught my attention.”

La mia formazione accademica in ___ mi ha permesso di acquisire ottime competenze in ___. “My academic training in ___ allowed me to acquire excellent skills in ___.”

Sono alla ricerca di nuove sfide. “I am looking for new challenges.”

Sarei felice di poterLa incontrare per discutere la mia candidatura. “I would be happy to meet you to discuss my application.”

Ho ottime capacità analitiche e una comprovata esperienza nella risoluzione di problemi. “I have excellent analytical skills and a proven track record in problem-solving.”

Writing the perfect resume is an art!

And finally, here are a few ways to end your letter:

Cordiali saluti.	“Yours sincerely.”
La saluto cordialmente.	“Cordial greetings.”
Le auguro una buona giornata.	“I wish you a good day.”
Resto in attesa di un cortese riscontro.	“I look forward to a kind reply.”
Grazie per la vostra cortese attenzione.	“Thanks for your kind attention.”

➜ If you need some more help to really make an impact, why not try our free vocabulary list Words and Phrases for Writing Your Resume on ItalianPod101.com?

3. Advanced Italian Phrases for Business and Meetings

It’s normal to be a little nervous before a business meeting. Sometimes, the stakes are high; this makes it important to be clear and to get everybody on board. This is why good preparation for a meeting starts with organizing what you want to say and how.

You can begin by clarifying what you’re trying to achieve and showing the meeting agenda. Doing a good job of preparation will boost your confidence and set you up for a successful meeting. But don’t forget that meetings can be fun and relaxed, so don’t be afraid to use informal or slang expressions.

To help you prepare, here’s a list of advanced Italian phrases to help you perfectly manage meetings and groups in any situation.

L’ordine del giorno  “Today’s agenda”

L’argomento principale dell’ordine del giorno è il rinnovo dell’impresa. “The main topic on today’s agenda is the renewal of the company.”

La scadenza  “The deadline”

Non possiamo posticipare in nessun modo la scadenza del progetto. “We cannot postpone the project deadline in any way.”

Avere tutto sotto controllo  “To have everything under control”

La cosa più importante è avere la situazione sotto controllo. “The most important thing is to have the situation under control.”

Prendere una decisione difficile  “To make a difficult decision”

In autunno, saremo costretti a prendere una decisione difficile. “In the fall, we will be forced to make a difficult decision.”

Soppesare i pro e i contro  “To weigh the pros and cons”

Nell’affrontare una situazione, bisogna sempre soppesare i pro e i contro. “In dealing with a situation, you must always weigh the pros and cons.”

Pensare in maniera strategica  “To think strategically”

Bravi! Avete dimostrato di pensare in maniera strategica. “Well done! You have demonstrated that you think strategically.”

Lo stato dell’arte  “The state of the art”

Il nostro prodotto rappresenta lo stato dell’arte in materia ambientale. “Our product represents the state of the art in environmental matters.”

Mettere le carte in tavola  “To put the cards on the table”

È opportuno mettere le carte in tavola: l’onestà prima di tutto. “It is appropriate to put the cards on the table: honesty first of all.”

Giocare secondo le regole  “To play by the rules”

In questa azienda, abbiamo sempre giocato secondo le regole. “At this company, we have always played by the rules.”

Mettere in piedi/in pista un progetto  “To set up a project”

Il progetto che vogliamo mettere in piedi, rappresenta il futuro della nostra società. “The project we want to set up represents the future of our company.”

Mantenere i nervi saldi  “To keep your nerve”

Nelle situazioni difficili, è fondamentale mantenere i nervi saldi. “In difficult situations, it is essential to keep your nerve.”

Dare il beneficio del dubbio  “To give the benefit of the doubt”

Vogliamo dare ai nostri concorrenti il beneficio del dubbio su questo punto. “We want to give our competitors the benefit of the doubt on this point.”

Business meetings don’t have to be stressful…

➜ If you want to get totally prepared for your business meetings, pick up more expressions from our free vocabulary list Phrases for Doing Business Successfully on ItalianPod101.com. You won’t regret it!

4. Advanced Italian Idioms, Sayings, and Proverbs for Everyday Usage

To end this guide to advanced Italian phrases, we couldn’t omit the idiomatic expressions. These, along with sayings and proverbs, represent the backbone of communication in any language. But while they’re used by native speakers every day and comprise an essential part of Italian for advanced learners, you’ll have a hard time finding them in textbooks. 

In your everyday conversations with Italians, you’ll find that they tend to pop up all the time. Do your homework here, and surprise your Italian friends and colleagues by using just the right idiom or expression. 

Salvare capra e cavoli  “To save both the goat and the cabbage” Meaning: To keep everybody happy; To have one’s cake and eat it too

Con questa soluzione rischiosa, siamo riusciti a salvare capra e cavoli. “With this risky solution, we managed to keep everybody happy.”

Prendere due piccioni con una fava  “To kill two birds with one stone” Meaning: To obtain the best outcome with the least amount of effort

Brava! Così hai preso due piccioni con una fava. “Good job! This way, you killed two birds with one stone.”

Rompere il ghiaccio   “To break the ice” Meaning: To do something that removes the embarrassment during an initial meeting between people who don’t know each other

Per rompere il ghiaccio, vorrei iniziare questa riunione con un piccolo gioco. “To break the ice, I’d like to start this meeting with a little game.”

Braccia rubate all’agricoltura  “Labor force (lit. ‘arms’) stolen from agriculture” Meaning: A mockery towards someone who is not suitable to fill the role he occupies

Molti uomini politici sono incompetenti. Tutte braccia rubate all’agricoltura! “Many politicians are incompetent. All laborers stolen from agriculture!”

Chi va piano, va sano e va lontano.  “Who goes slow and steady wins.” Literally: Who goes slow, goes safe and goes far.

Non bisogna avere fretta, dopotutto chi va piano va sano va lontano! “You don’t need to hurry; after all, those who go slow and steady win!”

Restare a bocca asciutta   “To be left with nothing” Literally: To be left with a dry mouth

Hai voluto esagerare con la tua offerta, e adesso sei rimasto a bocca asciutta. “You wanted to overdo your offer, and now you are left with nothing.”

Trattare a pesci in faccia  “To treat someone very badly” Literally: To slap somebody on the face with a fish

Non accetto il loro comportamento. Mi hanno trattato a pesci in faccia. “I don’t accept their behavior. They treated me with utter disrespect.”

A colpo d’occhio  “At a glance”

A colpo d’occhio la situazione è abbastanza complicata. “At a glance, the situation is quite complicated.”

Un’arma a doppio taglio   “A double-edged sword” Meaning: Something that is both helpful and harmful to someone/something

La nostra strategia è stata parzialmente vincente: si è dimostrata un’arma a doppio taglio. “Our strategy was partially successful, but it proved to be a double-edged sword.”

Dare i numeri  “To go nuts” / “To say whatever” Literally: Throwing out numbers

Proprio non ti capisco… Stai cominciando a dare i numeri. “I just don’t understand you… You’re starting to go nuts.”

Andare a rotoli  “To go to pieces” / “To fall apart” Literally: To go into rolls

Non posso stare a guardare il mondo andare a rotoli. “I can’t sit back and watch the world fall apart.”

Mettere il bastone fra le ruote   “To hinder/impede/boycott/thwart somebody” Literally: To put a spoke in the wheels

Ogni volta che comincio un nuovo progetto, qualcuno mi mette i bastoni fra le ruote. “Every time I start a new project, someone hinders me.”

Fare la parte del leone  “Play the lion’s share” Meaning: Unfairly hoard everything (or almost everything)

In questo affare, i primi investitori hanno fatto la parte del leone. “In this deal, early investors got the lion’s share.”

Per prima cosa, bisogna rompere il ghiaccio. (“First of all, we need to break the ice.”)

➜ You can find more expressions on our list titled Essential Idioms That Will Make You Sound Like a Native Speaker. It’s available for free on ItalianPod101.com.

5. Conclusion

In this guide, you have learned many advanced Italian phrases that you’ll be able to use for cover letters, business meetings, and other social interactions. Did we forget any important structure or expression you’d like to learn more about? Feel free to let us know in the comments below!

Keep having fun with ItalianPod101 and our great variety of free resources designed to help you practice grammar and learn new words. Make sure you check our free vocabulary lists as well, where you can find useful words (along with their pronunciation) spanning a vast range of topics. 

Remember that you can also use our Premium PLUS service, MyTeacher, to get personal 1-on-1 coaching. Your own private teacher will help you practice with advanced phrases and more, give you assignments, provide personalized exercises, and record audio samples just for you.

Not sure where to start? We recommend creating your free lifetime account and checking out the Level 5 pathway for some advanced Italian lessons. 

Happy learning!

Now is the time to step up in your Italian studies. As you get ready to surpass the beginner level, you’ll need to practice using more tenses (past, future, conditional) and memorize several ready-to-use intermediate Italian phrases. To help you level up with confidence, we have prepared a list of the 50+ most common (and useful) intermediate Italian phrases for a variety of contexts. This guide will bring to your disposal all the must-know phrases for telling stories about the recent past, asking for advice, recommending a restaurant to someone, and more.

If you ever want to go deeper with your learning or have any questions, take a look at all the available Italian lessons, free resources, and interactive material on ItalianPod101.com!

Table of Contents

1. Talking About Past Events
2. Making and Changing Plans
3. Explaining and Listing Reasons
4. Making Recommendations and Complaints
5. Reaction Phrases for Everyday Conversations
6. Etiquette Phrases for Social and Business Settings
7. Conclusion

1. Talking About Past Events

So, you have already mastered simple sentences in the present. You can introduce yourself, describe yourself, ask for simple things, and give simple instructions. 

It’s time now to venture into more complex sentence structures, such as those for talking about stories or memorable experiences from the past. It could be talking about a recent night out or giving information about your family or your childhood. And if you want to learn even more conversational phrases, here you go!

When you talk about the past in Italian, you cannot avoid needing to decide between passato prossimo and imperfetto. If you need a little help with this, make sure you check out this lesson to see a good example and explanation of their use. 

Ready? Here are some intermediate Italian phrases for discussing the past.

Che bella serata! (“What a nice night!”)

È stata una bella serata!

It was a beautiful evening!

Another way of saying the same thing: Che bella serata! (“What a beautiful evening!”)

Ci siamo divertiti moltissimo ieri sera.

We had a lot of fun last night.

Ho iniziato a lavorare nel 2017.

I started working in 2017.

Sono stato a Roma 3 anni fa.

I was in Rome three years ago.

Da piccolo/a avevo tanti amici.

As a child, I had many friends.

Literally: “As little, I had many friends.”  You find the same construction with da ragazzo/a (“as a young boy/young girl”) and da giovane (“as a young man/woman”).

Mia nonna era pugliese.

My grandmother was from Puglia.

L’anno scorso sono stata in vacanza al mare.

Last year, I went on vacation at the beach.

Siamo stati sposati per 7 anni.

We’ve been married for seven years.

2. Making and Changing Plans

Making and changing plans in the immediate future is something that you’ll often need to do when interacting with friends and colleagues, organizing an event or meeting, or putting together a fun party. 

Are things getting complicated? Don’t worry. Just learn these simple intermediate Italian phrases, and they’ll help get you out of any trouble. Notice that even though we’re talking about the immediate future, in Italian, we don’t always need to use the future tense. Using the present tense with the appropriate temporal adverb is usually enough to convey that we’re talking about the future.

Posso portare qualche amico? (“Can I bring a few friends?”)

Sei pronta per uscire?

Are you ready to go out?

Sei disponibile per una riunione domani?

Are you available for a meeting tomorrow?

Ne parliamo dopo.

Let’s talk about it later.

Notice the use of ne, meaning “of it” or “about it.”

Possiamo rinviare l’appuntamento alla settimana prossima?

Can we postpone the appointment until next week?

Posso portare qualche amico?

Can I bring some friends?

Notice that the indefinite adjective qualche, even though it means “some,” is always followed by a noun in the singular.

Facciamo una videochiamata per entrare nei dettagli.

Let’s have a video call to get into the details.

3. Explaining and Listing Reasons

Sometimes, you’ll find yourself in situations where you will have to explain what happened or give reasons for your actions. Once you reach an intermediate level of proficiency in Italian, it’s important that you’re able to do this with relative ease. But don’t worry about it! We’re here to help you with some ready-to-use intermediate Italian phrases for giving reasons and explanations.

If you need more intermediate Italian vocabulary, check out our free dictionary on ItalianPod101.com, where you can search for specific words and listen to their perfect pronunciation!

Sei di nuovo in ritardo! (“You’re late again!”)

Sono in ritardo perché non ho sentito la sveglia.

I’m late because I didn’t hear the alarm.

Questo è il motivo per cui non mi piace.

This is why I don’t like it.

Literally: “This is the reason for which I don’t like it.” Note that cui is the relative pronoun (just like che – “that”) that we use together with prepositions such as di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra (“of, to, from, on, in, with, for, by, among”).

Ti do tre buone ragioni per non uscire stasera: primo, sta piovendo tantissimo; secondo, ho preparato una buonissima lasagna; infine… non ne ho voglia!

I’ll give you three good reasons not to go out tonight: First, it’s raining a lot; then, I prepared a very good lasagna; finally…I don’t feel like it!

Piove troppo, quindi resto a casa.

It’s raining too much, so I’m staying at home.

Devi assolutamente venire alla mia festa, altrimenti mi arrabbio!

You absolutely must come to my party; otherwise, I will get mad!

Visto che non hai capito, te lo spiego di nuovo.

Since you didn’t understand, I’ll explain it again.

4. Making Recommendations and Complaints

How do we know if something is good or not so good? We usually rely on friends’ recommendations or, now that we’re in the era of social media, opinions and comments left by users on internet platforms.

So, let’s get ready to give five stars or to voice our complaints!

➜ And, if you’re lucky enough to go to an Italian restaurant, check out our free restaurant vocabulary list.

Posso reclamare col cuoco? (“Can I complain to the chef?”)

È un piatto fantastico. Dovresti provarlo.

It’s a wonderful dish. You should try it.

Te lo consiglio vivamente.

I strongly recommend it.

È il miglior ristorante della città.

It’s the best restaurant in town.

È la miglior pizza di Napoli.

It’s Napoli’s best pizza.

È un hotel bello ed economico. Sicuramente ci tornerò.

It’s a nice and cheap hotel. I’ll definitely go back.

Il servizio in quel locale non è un granchè.

The service in that place is not that great.

Mi sono lamentato con il servizio clienti.

I complained to the customer service.

5. Reaction Phrases for Everyday Conversations

In any conversation, it’s important to have the right reaction to what we’re being told. This helps us better empathize with the other party, and it makes them feel that we care or that we’re impressed.

As a beginner, you might often find yourself struggling to find the appropriate words. And that’s okay. But once you reach an intermediate level, you’ll want to be able to say the right thing at the right time. In fact, learning natural reaction phrases is one of the best ways to improve your Italian at this stage! 

Here are some sample conversations to help with that. And don’t forget that body language and intonation also play important roles in establishing empathy in a conversation. Especially in Italy!

A: È stata una bella serata! (“It was a beautiful evening!”)
B: È vero! Anch’io mi sono divertito/a! (“True! I had fun too.”)

A: Ci siamo divertiti moltissimo ieri sera! (“We had a lot of fun last night!”)
B: Davvero moltissimo! (“Really a lot!”)

A: Ho iniziato a lavorare nel 2017. (“I started working in 2017.”)
B: Complimenti! E dove lavoravi? (“Congratulations! And where were you working?”)

A: Sono stato a Roma tre anni fa. (“I was in Rome three years ago.”)
B: Fantastico! Anche a me piacerebbe visitare l’Italia. (“Fantastic! I would also like to visit Italy.”)

A: Da piccolo avevo tanti amici. (“As a child, I had many friends.”)
B: Che bello! Eri un bambino felice? (“How nice! Were you a happy kid?”)

A: Mia nonna era pugliese. (“My grandmother was from Puglia.”)
B: Come si chiamava tua nonna? (“What was your grandma’s name?”)

➜ Notice how nonna/o translates both as “grandmother”/“grandfather” and as “grandma”/“grandpa.”

A: L’anno scorso sono stata in vacanza al mare. (“Last year, I went on vacation at the beach.”)
B: Io invece sono stato in montagna. (“On the other hand, I went to the mountains.”)

A: Siamo stati sposati per 7 anni. (“We had been married for seven years.”)
B: Avete divorziato? Mi dispiace.  (“Did you get divorced? Sorry to hear that.”)

A: Vorremmo adottare un cane. (“We would like to adopt a dog.”)
B: Buona idea! (“Good idea!”)

Che bello! Ho adottato un cane… (“How wonderful! I adopted a dog…”)

6. Etiquette Phrases for Social and Business Settings

And last but not least, here are some intermediate-level Italian phrases for being polite in a variety of social and business contexts. Learning them will give you a leg up in your personal and professional life while in Italy, because good etiquette is always appreciated.

Do you want to know more? Check out our article on everything you should know about Italian etiquette.

Buon appetito.

Bon appetit.

To this, you can reply: Grazie, e altrettanto! (“Thanks, and to you too!”)

Buongiorno, (come) posso aiutarla?

Hello, (how) can I help you?

Benvenuto/a nel nostro negozio.

Welcome to our store.

Accomodati.  [Informal]

Please, come in.

Literally: Get comfortable.  Notice how it changes when we use the formal: Si accomodi.

Fa’ come se fossi a casa tua.

Make yourself at home.

Literally: Do as if you were at your house.

Fammi sapere se hai domande.

Let me know if you have questions.

Some variants include:  Fammi sapere se hai dubbi. (“Let me know if you have doubts.”) Fammi sapere se hai bisogno di aiuto. (“Let me know if you need help.”) Fammi sapere se hai bisogno di altro. (“Let me know if you need anything else.”)

Mi fai sapere cosa ne pensi?

Will you let me know your thoughts?

Literally: Will you make me know what you think about it?

Resto in attesa di una tua risposta.

I look forward to your response.

Literally: I remain waiting for an answer of yours.

Buon lavoro!

Have a good workday!

Literally: Have a good work.  This phrase shouldn’t be confused with Bel lavoro! (“Good job!”)

Buon viaggio!

Have a nice trip!

Buone vacanze!

Have a nice vacation!

Buone vacanze! (“Have a nice vacation!”)

7. Conclusion

I hope you liked this guide and that you found it useful for increasing your arsenal of intermediate Italian phrases. Do you know what else you might find useful and interesting? All the incredible learning tools you’ll find on ItalianPod101.com, such as the vocabulary lists and other free resources. 

Have fun learning Italian with our podcasts, videos, and YouTube channel. And if you upgrade to Premium PLUS, you can check out MyTeacher to get personal 1-on-1 coaching with your own private teacher. They can help you practice the intermediate phrases from this list and aid you in creating your own. In addition to providing you with personalized assignments and exercises, your teacher can record audio samples just for you and review all your work.

Keep having fun with ItalianPod101!

Listening is one of the four skills you need to master when learning a language (the others are speaking, writing, and reading). These are the skills that you’ll have to keep training as you study Italian or any other language. But if you’re not planning to travel in order to get an immersive experience or don’t have a bunch of Italians living with you, listening to authentic Italian might not be the easiest thing to do. Luckily, the internet is replete with a variety of Italian podcasts that, as it turns out, are great for learning the language.

You can listen to podcasts literally anywhere!

In this article, we’ll present and analyze a list of the ten best podcasts to help you learn Italian and improve your learning experience. And we’ll also talk about tools, strategies, and tricks for making the most out of them.

Table of Contents

1. Benefits of Using Podcasts to Learn Italian
2. The Top 10 Italian Podcasts
3. Tricks to Help You Learn Italian More Effectively with Podcasts
4. Conclusion

1. Benefits of Using Podcasts to Learn Italian

Listening to podcasts in Italian is the next best thing to visiting Italy. 

Once you find the perfect fit, you can subscribe to the podcast so that you’ll always be updated when a new episode comes out. Podcasts are usually updated on a weekly basis, or sometimes even once every two or three days. But don’t worry! They stay online forever (or at least for a few years), and you can listen to them at your own pace. 

So, what do podcasts have to offer? 

• They are fun and interesting, therefore boosting your motivation.
• They provide authentic listening material produced (mostly) by Italians.
• They’re always available (online, downloaded, any way you prefer).
• You can listen to an episode as many times as you want; you can also pause it, rewind it, fast-forward it, and even slow it down.
• You can listen in the car, on the bus, on your bike, or even in bed with your eyes closed right before you go to sleep!

And since podcasts have become really popular in recent years, you’ll be able to find a number of different podcasts that suit your needs and preferences. There are those specifically devoted to learners of Italian (just like you!), those that provide the latest Italian news, and even those that focus on culture, music, sports, and cooking. Oh, yes! Especially cooking.

How about a little Italian on your way to work?

2. The Top 10 Italian Podcasts

1 – Italiano Automatico

• Level: Beginner to Intermediate
• Theme: Teaching Podcast
• PDF and YouTube channel

This is a great and fun podcast that will help you learn Italian and improve your listening skills with weekly 10-minute episodes. The podcast covers many different topics: grammar and vocabulary, gestures and culture, Romeo and Juliet, rude Italian expressions…the list goes on. 

The course is intended for students who already have some basic knowledge of Italian but can’t speak well yet or have difficulty following the spoken language. Alberto (sometimes joined by his nonna) gives you tips and suggestions for making quick progress. The podcast is entirely in Italian but comes with a PDF transcript. 

Italiano Automatico is also on YouTube, so you’ll be able to watch extra material.

2 – Coffee Break Italian

• Level: Absolute Beginner to Advanced
• Theme: Teaching Podcast
• Free content with ads + Premium paid content

This is a very interesting one because it offers something for learners at every level. It starts in English—making it ideal for absolute beginners—and as the seasons and episodes progress, the amount of Italian used increases alongside your progress in the language. 

In each episode, the hosts explain the use of the language, introduce specific vocabulary for a variety of occasions, and help listeners make sense of Italian grammar. They also go around Italy and talk with different people, which will give you the chance to listen to a number of native speakers. 

CoffeeBreak Italian is updated with great frequency, so you’ll always have some new content to enjoy. 

3 – ItalianPod101

• Level: Absolute Beginner to Advanced
• Theme: Teaching Podcast
• Free content + Premium and Premium PLUS subscriptions

Well…of course I’m a bit biased here, but ItalianPod101 is a truly complete Italian course with many different podcast series. Just choose your level and the topic you want to learn about, and you’ll find everything you need, whether you’re an absolute beginner, an intermediate learner, or an advanced student.

You’ll find dialogues depicting common daily situations, cultural insights, and lots of first-hand information about Italy and the Italian lifestyle. You can complement this with the grammar points, exercises, quizzes, and vocabulary lists we provide. You could even get personal coaching by upgrading to Premium PLUS—perfect if you wish to have personalized lessons and a 1-to-1 learning experience.

4 – News in Slow Italian

• Level: Beginner to Advanced
• Theme: News
• Free 3-minute episodes or Premium content (full episodes)

Do you want to keep up with current events while improving your listening skills? Try the News in Slow Italian podcast. It offers weekly updates on everything that happened during the week, presented at a very slow pace so that you’ll be able to catch every single word.

A 3-minute summary of every episode is free, and it even comes with a written summary that will definitely help you get the main concepts, even if you’re a beginner.

5 – Coffee Break Italian – Travel Diaries

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Theme: Teaching Podcast
• Free content with ads + Premium paid content

Even though Coffee Break Italian is already on the list, the Travel Diaries season deserves a special mention. Traveling has been complicated lately, right? So what could be better than a podcast that allows you to travel through the amazing Tuscany region and discover its history, gastronomy, and culture while practicing your Italian? 

In its ten episodes, you will accompany Giulia and her friend Paolo on a train ride through Tuscany. If you’re willing to subscribe to the paid content, you can also get videos and lesson notes.

Let’s travel with a podcast and “listen” to the Torre di Pisa!

6 – L’italiano Vero

• Level: Intermediate to Advanced
• Theme: Teaching Podcast
• Free content with ads + Premium content with a small donation

As the title of this podcast (literally: “The Real Italian”) suggests, its more than 60 episodes feature real conversations about real topics with a group of true Italians.

One of the great things about this podcast is that it gives you the ability to read the transcript as you follow along with the audio (if you’re listening on the computer). Most of the content is free, though you can opt to give a small donation or pay a small fee for specific episodes.

7 – RaiPlay

• Level: Advanced
• Theme: Everything!
• Free 

RAI is the public Italian radio and television service, and RaiPlay is its online platform. Here, advanced students can find every type of podcast and radio recording, literally from A to Z!

Music, news, cooking, travel, culture, you name it. My personal favorites are: 

• Il rifugio (“The shelter”), which follows a high-altitude trek to the best Italian mountain shelters and covers the stories of those who live there
• Italia a tavola: pari o dispari? (“Italy at the table: even or odd?”), which is a lively discussion of what the best foods are and where to find them

8 – Mangia come Parli

• Level: Advanced
• Theme: Food and Good Living
• Free 

A star chef. A sports journalist with a passion for la dolce vita. These two characters make up the strange couple hosting Mangia come Parli, a great cooking and food culture podcast. 

If you’re an advanced learner with a strong grasp of the language (and a love of good food), this is the perfect Italian podcast for learning simple recipes while honing your language skills. Discussions focus on things like seasonal products, Italian culinary traditions, and everything that makes life more pleasant. You might even hear little secrets from the chef on how to make your dishes perfect! 

All this is seasoned with clever dialogue and irony from the hosts, starting with the title. Mangia come parli (“Eat like you speak”) is a take on the popular saying Parla come mangi (“Speak like you eat”), a piece of advice suggesting that we speak in a simple way (just as we eat in a simple way). 

9 – La mia Storia

• Level: Advanced
• Theme: Fiction
• Free 

An intriguing podcast, La mia storia (“My Story”) is a series of over thirty 30-minute episodes. It’s a mix of history and stories, reality and fantasy, covering the lives of ordinary men and women in the context of the great events that made history.

Even though the theme might seem complex, the narration is so smooth and—naturally—slow that it will please even intermediate learners. And you’re free to listen to each episode as many times as you wish!

10 – Learn Italian with Lucrezia

• Level: Beginner to Intermediate
• Theme: Teaching Podcast
• YouTube channel

To finish our list of the ten best Italian podcasts, let’s look at one more podcast specifically aimed at students of Italian. Lucrezia is a vlogger and YouTuber who specializes in cultural topics as well as essential grammar and vocabulary. Each of her podcast episodes is 5 to 7 minutes long, and you can listen to them anywhere.

She has published a lot of material, and you’ll definitely find everything you need in addition to answers to any doubts or questions you might have. And she also has a popular YouTube channel you can check out! 

3. Tricks to Help You Learn Italian More Effectively with Podcasts

Now that you’ve seen some of the best podcasts for learning Italian, let’s go over a few tips and tricks you can use to make the most of your listening time. 

Picking the Perfect Podcast

• Find a podcast that meets you at your current level. If it’s too easy or too fast to follow, it’s probably not the right podcast for you. You would get bored or frustrated.

• Make sure it focuses on topics that really interest you. The topic of the podcast should be familiar to you or associated with something you’re interested in. The exception is if it’s a podcast aimed at Italian learners. But even in that case, different podcasts tackle different topics, so you always have the opportunity to pick the most appropriate one for you.

• Consider listening to many podcasts. This will help you find the one that’s right for you, even if it takes some time. So be it! This will actually be a good challenge, and it will “force” you to pay more attention. Listening to podcasts on different topics will also help enrich your vocabulary. 

Making the Most of Podcasts for Language Learning

Have you already chosen your favorite podcast? Or two or three? Then get your headphones, grab a piece of paper, and make sure your pencil’s sharpened. Below, we’ll give you our top tips on how to improve your Italian listening skills with podcasts. 

• Listen with headphones. This will allow you to better concentrate on the conversation without distractions. 

• Catch the keywords. Don’t worry if you don’t get every single word. No problem at all! What’s important is that you get a sense of the topic by catching the keywords and main sentences. You will soon notice that the word denoting the topic is usually stressed more; that is, it is pronounced more clearly, maybe with a pause before or after it. For example, a host might say:
  
  Oggi siamo qui per parlarvi di melanzane. (“Today we’re here to talk to you about eggplants.”)
  
  But you’ll probably hear: Oggi siamo qui per parlarvi di MELANZANE. Or even: bla … bla … bla … bla …  melanzane. 
  
  Yes, that’s right. Melanzane is the keyword here, and as long as you hear that clearly, you’ll know what they’re talking about.

Melanzane / Eggplant

• Feel free to pause, rewind, slow down the audio, and use the transcripts. One of the great advantages of podcasts is that, unlike real people and conversations, they offer you the chance to listen to the same content many times over. You can pause and take notes while you listen, and in some cases, you can even download the transcript and read it as they speak.

• Practice, practice, practice! Try and listen to at least one podcast episode every day, and repeat any words or expressions that catch your attention. This will help you learn and get used to the pronunciation. Some podcasts (like ItalianPod101) even provide a pause in the dialogue so you can repeat after the hosts. 

• Mix the listening practice with other material. As we mentioned at the beginning, listening is one of the four skills you’ll need to work on throughout your Italian learning journey. So we recommend keeping things fresh and mixing it up a little. The best place to do just that is ItalianPod101.com, where you can take advantage of all the resources we have to offer.

• Be consistent. This will provide you with a more natural learning experience, so you can acquire the Italian language just like children do! When you read or listen to a language, you’re memorizing the grammatical structures of the language without even noticing. Kids learn all the basic grammar rules and are able to apply them correctly, way before they study any of it at school. If you listen many times to certain simple constructions—such as those using avere (“to have”) or essere (“to be”)—they will eventually become so natural that you’ll start using them correctly without thinking too much about it.

4. Conclusion

In this guide, we have presented the top ten Italian podcasts and discussed how you could benefit from them to improve your Italian skills. Are there other podcasts you would like to suggest? Please let us know in the comments below; we always love to hear from our readers.

If you’re looking for something to help you keep practicing all of your other communication skills, make sure you take a look at ItalianPod101.com. Here, you can find tons of free resources, grammar lessons, and vocabulary lists to review words and practice their pronunciation.

And if you need customized lessons, remember that you can subscribe to our Premium PLUS service, MyTeacher, to get personal 1-on-1 coaching with a private teacher. Have a question about a podcast episode you just listened to? Your teacher has answers! In addition to providing you with assignments, personalized exercises, and recorded audio samples just for you, your teacher will review your work and help improve your pronunciation. 

Keep learning Italian and having fun with ItalianPod101!

Are you just starting out with Italian? In this guide, you’ll find all the Italian phrases for beginners that you will need in order to meet and greet people, get around cities and regions, ask for directions, and even order food or go shopping. All the basic sentences to get you going in your first Italian conversations!

Table of Contents

1. Greetings and Self-introductions
2. Courtesy Phrases & Social Expressions
3. Dining
4. Shopping Phrases
5. Asking for Help
6. Conclusion

1. Greetings and Self-introductions

Hello. Good morning. How are you? Nice to meet you. 

The first thing to know is that, in Italian, we have two ways of addressing people: with formal speech and with informal speech. Habits are slowly changing, and informality is becoming increasingly common and accepted in contexts where it previously would have been unheard of (in the workplace, between people of different age groups, etc.). 

Especially in the case of new Italian learners, using informal speech is completely acceptable. But here, we have included phrases for both formality levels.

L’italiano è facile! (“Italian is easy!”)

Let’s start with some basic Italian phrases that you could use when meeting people in Italy. 

Ciao.  [Casual]

Hi. / Bye.

The word ciao is the most common greeting in the Italian language for friendly and informal encounters. You can use it when first meeting someone and when saying goodbye; you can also use it when addressing either one person or a group of people. The word is of Latin origin, and it was once used primarily in Northern Italy, though it is now used internationally.

Salve.  [Formal or casual]

Hello.

Literally: “Health to you.”  This is another common Italian word derived from Latin. It is considered neutral, and it can be used in both formal and casual contexts.

Buongiorno.  [Formal or casual]

Hello.

Literally: “Good day.”

Buonasera.  [Formal or casual]

Good evening.

So, what time of day do we start saying buonasera? It might vary from region to region, but typically it’s correct to greet with buonasera when it starts getting dark. Obvious, right?

Now that you’ve greeted everyone, it’s time for some polite questions and answers:

Come va?  [Formal or casual]

How is it going?

Come stai?  [Casual]	Come sta?  [Formal]
How are you?

Tutto bene.  [Casual]	Bene, grazie, e lei?  [Formal]
All good.	Fine, thanks, and you?

Once you’ve gone over the basic greetings, you’ll want to find out a bit more about the people you’re meeting. This is the perfect time to start asking and answering more personal questions.

Come ti chiami?  [Casual]	Come si chiama?  [Formal]
What’s your name?
Literally: “How do you call yourself?”

Mi chiamo Maria.

My name is Maria.

Literally: “I call myself Maria.”

Piacere.  [Formal or casual]

Nice to meet you.

Literally: “Pleasure.”

Di dove sei?  [Casual]	Di dov’è?  [Formal]
Where are you from?

Sono Italiano/a.

I’m Italian.

Sono di Roma.

I am from Rome.

Abito a Roma.

I live in Rome.

Quanti anni hai?  [Casual]	Quanti anni ha?  [Formal]
How old are you?
Literally: “How many years do you have?”

Ho 27 anni.

I’m 27 years old.

Literally: “I have 27 years.”

Are you ready for some in-depth practice? We recommend checking out our video lessons on how to say hello and how to introduce yourself in Italian. 

Piacere, mi chiamo Maria. (“Nice to meet you; I am Maria.”)

2. Courtesy Phrases & Social Expressions

Grazie! Nothing expresses courtesy, pleasantry, and kindness better than this word—also of Latin origin—which literally means “graces.”

Why is it important to master courtesy phrases and expressions? Because they help you navigate new environments, elicit sympathy from other people, and make it easier to communicate with others. 

Below are several simple Italian phrases for beginners that will help you put your best foot forward in any situation. 

Grazie.

Thank you.

Literally: “Graces.” Despite being the most basic Italian word, grazie can be a bit tricky to pronounce, especially the final -zie. Here is a little phonetic help for you: Pronounce this word as if it were written graTSeeAY. If the phonetic transcription looks strange, just listen to the audio recording… 😉

Prego.

You’re welcome.

Literally: “I pray.” You can also express this concept using one of these phrases: Di nulla. / Di niente. Literally: “Of nothing.”

Scusa. / Scusami.  [Casual]	Scusi. / Mi scusi.  [Formal]
Excuse me. / I am sorry.
This word works both for apologizing and for catching someone’s attention before asking a question.  For example:  Scusa, mi puoi dire dov’è la stazione? (“Excuse me, can you tell me where the station is?”)

Per favore. / Per piacere.  [Casual or formal]

Please.

Literally: “As a favor.” / “As a pleasure.”

→ Would you like to improve your social grace? ItalianPod101 has plenty of resources to help you out. We recommend our lesson on how to say “you’re welcome” in Italian and our article on Italian customs and etiquette.

Mi dispiace… (“I’m sorry…”)

Another way to apologize:

Mi dispiace.

Sorry.

Literally: “It displeases me.”

Non c’è problema.

That’s okay.

Literally: “There is no problem.” This is a good way to end the forgiveness topic. Better to forget and move on. But if this still isn’t enough, check out our guide on how to say sorry in Italian.

And now, it’s time to say goodbye!

Arrivederci.  [Casual]	Arrivederla.  [Formal]
Goodbye.
Literally: “Let’s see ourselves again.” Remember that you can also use the ever-useful ciao when you’re leaving an informal setting.

Buonanotte.  [Formal or casual]

Goodnight.

Buonanotte is generally the departure phrase we use at the very end of the day. Basically, right before we go to sleep. Would you like to serenade your Italian with a nice romantic lullaby? Here’s Buonanotte fiorellino (“Goodnight, Little Flower”) for you.

A più tardi.	A dopo!
See you later.	See you!
Literally: “Until later.”	Literally: “Until after.”

A presto.

See you soon.

A domani.

See you tomorrow.

Buona fortuna.

Good luck.

3. Dining 

Whether you’re studying Italian or just traveling around, at some point you’ll find yourself sitting down in a restaurant or a trattoria. When this happens, you’ll get the best experience if you know a few basic Italian phrases for ordering food, getting your waiter’s attention, and more.

Ho fame…! (“I’m hungry…!”)

Andiamo a pranzo?

Shall we go to lunch?

Andiamo a cena?

Shall we go to dinner?

Ho fame.

I’m hungry.

Literally: “I have hunger.”

Posso vedere il menù?

Can I see the menu?

Qual è il piatto del giorno?

What is today’s special?

Literally: “What is the dish of the day?”

C’è un menu turistico?

Is there a tourist menu?

Per me una pizza margherita e una birra, grazie.

I would like a pizza margherita and a beer, thanks.

Probably the most renowned type of pizza, it’s very simple and traditional with an interesting story behind it.

Da asporto / Da portare via

To go

Literally: “To remove” / “To take away”

Il conto, per favore.

The bill, please.

→ Do you need more Italian vocabulary and phrases for the restaurant? Check out our vocabulary list with recorded examples to practice your pronunciation!

4. Shopping Phrases 

What fun is traveling if you don’t stop to shop for souvenirs, local foods, and other fun stuff to bring home or give as a present? 

So, here is a list of phrases to help you have the best (and easiest) shopping experience, whether you’re in an open-air mercatino or in a centro commerciale (shopping mall).

Very important! The first thing you’ll want to do is get the attention of the seller. Do you remember how? Yes! Scusi! And you might also lift your index finger for increased effect.

Scusi, posso avere…?

Excuse me, can I get…?

Scusi, posso vedere…?

Excuse me, can I see…?

If you want to be just a little more polite, try and use the conditional form. Don’t worry too much about learning the tense; just use this simple formula…

Scusi, potrei avere…?

Excuse me, could I have…?

Scusi, vorrei…

Excuse me, I would like…

And, especially if you’re going to local neighborhood markets, make sure to review your fruit and vegetable vocabulary with one of our fun lists. And then, you’ll really be ready to shop!

When it’s time to pay, you have a few options, depending on whether you plan to pay with cash or card. Here are some useful Italian phrases to get you started:

Quanto costa?

How much does it cost?

Quant’è?

How much is it?

Quanto viene?

How much is it?

Literally: “How much does it come (for)?”

Quanto le devo?

What do I owe you?

Literally: “How much do I owe you?”

Posso pagare con la carta?

Can I pay by credit card?

Literally: “Can I pay with the card?”

Pago con la carta.

I will pay by credit card.

Literally: “I will pay with the card.”

Ecco la carta.

Here is my credit card.

Literally: “Here is the card.”

But actually, right before paying, it’s a good habit to ask to try on (or taste) the merchandise, right?

Posso provarlo?

Can I try it on?

Posso assaggiarlo?

Can I try/taste it?

If you need more shopping words, take a look at this free vocabulary list on ItalianPod101.com.

Posso assaggiare il pistacchio? (“Can I taste the pistachio?”)

5. Asking for Help

There is no shame in asking for help, especially if you’ve just started learning Italian. Asking for help is a great way to talk to people, find out information, establish contact, and even make new friends along the way. 

You’ll find that most Italians, especially those not in the middle of the most touristic cities, will be more than happy to help you. Some will even go out of their way to show you special attention and give extra help! And if you’re very lucky, you might even get an invitation to lunch or to a homemade cappuccino!

1 – Help with Directions

Below are a few beginner phrases in Italian you can use to ask for directions. Just remember: 

• Address the person with scusa if you want to be casual.
• Address the person with scusi if you need to be a bit more formal. For example, when speaking to older people or to a poliziotto/a (“policeman” / “policewoman”) or a vigile urbano (“traffic policeman”).

Dov’è…?

Where is…?

Dove si trova?

Where is…?

Literally: “Where can it be found?”

Scusa, dov’è il bagno?  [Casual]	Scusi, dov’è il bagno? [Formal]
Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
While traveling through Italy, you might often hear la toilette. Maybe it just sounds more elegant if you give it a French name!

Scusa, cerco la fermata dell’autobus.  [Casual]	Scusi, cerco la fermata dell’autobus. [Formal]
Excuse me, I’m looking for the bus stop.

Come arrivo a…?

How do I get to…?

Vorrei andare a…

I would like to go…

Mi sono perso/a.

I got lost.

→ Do you need more help when it comes to getting around and asking for directions? Here is a more exhaustive vocabulary list with lots of practical direction-related words and samples of their pronunciation.

Mmm… Mi sono perso? (“Mmm… Am I lost?”)

2 – Overcoming Language Barriers

We all know the feeling: As beginner learners, listening and speaking can be challenging and even terrifying… 

What if I don’t understand? What if they speak too fast? What if they don’t understand me? What… what… what? 

Don’t worry. Here are some useful phrases to ease your communication with native speakers, even if you’re an absolute beginner.

Parli inglese?  [Casual]	Parla inglese?  [Formal]
Do you speak English?

Non parlo bene l’italiano.

I don’t speak Italian very well.

Non capisco.

I don’t understand.

Non ho capito.

I didn’t understand.

Come si chiama questo in italiano?

What do you call this in Italian?

Come si traduce questa parola in italiano?

How do you translate this word in Italian?

Puoi ripetere?  [Casual]	Può ripetere?  [Formal]
Can you repeat?

Puoi parlare più lentamente?  [Casual]	Può parlare più lentamente?  [Formal]
Can you speak slowly?

Aiuto… Non capisco! (“Help… I don’t understand!”)

3 – A Little Help from a Friend!

For those situations where nothing makes much sense and you just need a little help understanding what’s going on, here are some good beginner sentences to help you get out of trouble. You actually saw one of these earlier in the article.

Cosa è successo?

What happened?

Che cos’è?

What is it?

A che serve?

What is it for?

Literally: “What does it serve?”

Non so.

I don’t know.

Non lo so.

I don’t know.

Literally: “I don’t know it.”

Ho bisogno di aiuto!

I need help!

Non preoccuparti.  [Casual]	Non si preoccupi.  [Formal]
Don’t worry about it.

Non c’è problema.

There is no problem.

Non fa niente.

There’s nothing to it.

Literally: “It doesn’t do anything.”

And remember, when the situation gets really confusing, you can always resort to the most useful word in the whole Italian vocabulary: Boh! A great little word that’s wonderful for expressing uncertainty, disbelief, and contempt all at once.

6. Conclusion

We hope that this simple guide has helped you acquire the most common Italian phrases for beginners. You can now face simple situations such as first meetings, greetings, asking and answering basic questions, and finding your way out of different everyday situations.

Are there other situations that you think we should have covered? Please let us know in the comments below, and we’d be glad to help you with those too.

And if you still haven’t had enough, you can practice some more with our Can-Do Italian for Absolute Beginners course! It features 105 lessons for a total of 5.5 hours of lesson material covering basic words and phrases you should know when first starting out. 

Don’t forget to explore ItalianPod101.com to start taking advantage of our free resources, useful vocabulary lists with audio recordings, and a variety of fun lessons designed to make learning Italian easy.

Remember that you can also upgrade your account to use our Premium PLUS service, MyTeacher, to get personal 1-on-1 coaching with your own private teacher. Your tutor will help you practice, provide personalized assignments and exercises, and even record audio samples of pronunciation just for you. In addition, they can review your work to help you improve faster.

Keep it up with ItalianPod101!

So, you’ve passed the intermediate level in Italian. You have all the basics and then some, but you want to go the extra mile and learn more advanced Italian words and sentences. 

Are you applying for an Advanced Italian certificate [CILS], corresponding to the C1 or C2 level? Or are you enrolled in an Italian university? Maybe you just need to write an essay, compose the perfect cover letter, or take part in more formal and complex discussions with your Italian friends and colleagues. 

According to the Common European Framework Reference for Languages (known in Italian as QCER, Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento delle Lingue), advanced learners of a language are able to effortlessly understand virtually everything, whether it’s written or oral. They can also use the language effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes, as well as produce well-structured and articulated text on complex topics.

Do you think you’re getting there? 

Here, we’ll present you with a great list of advanced Italian vocabulary words, including verbs, nouns, connectors, and example sentences and phrases. This list will help you sort out any complex linguistic situation for any professional environment you might find yourself in. But, if you still want more by the time you reach the end, check out our wide array of vocabulary lists with audio recordings. 

Table of Contents

1. Advanced Academic Words
2. Advanced Business Words
3. Advanced Medical Words
4. Advanced Legal Words
5. Advanced Words for Acing Italian Writing/Essays
6. Conclusion

1. Advanced Academic Words

Let’s start with some vocabulary you’ll need to feel at ease in any academic context.

Are you ready for some serious academic work?

Approccio (n.)	Bisogna avere un approccio scientifico.
Approach	You have to have a scientific approach.

Beneficio (n.)	Tutti possono trarne beneficio.
Benefit	Everyone can benefit from that.

Concettuale (adj.)	Si tratta di arte concettuale.
Conceptual	This is conceptual art.

Ruolo (n.)	Il ruolo fondamentale della storia
Role	The fundamental role of history

Astratto (adj.)	Questo è un concetto astratto.
Abstract	This is an abstract concept.

Punto di vista (n.)	Devi capire il mio punto di vista.
Point of view	You have to understand my point of view.

Parere / Opinione (n.)	Non è facile cambiare parere.
Opinion	It’s not easy to change your opinion.

Polemica (n.)	Agli italiani piace fare polemica.
Controversy	Italians like to argue.

Valutare (v.)	Bisogna valutare tutte le posizioni.
To evaluate	You have to evaluate all the positions.

Funzione (n.)	La funzione della scuola è educare.
Function / Role	School’s role is to educate.

Fascicolo (n.)	Dove hai messo il fascicolo completo?
Dossier / File	Where did you put the complete dossier?

Argomentare (v.)	Come argomenti la tua tesi?
To argue / To defend / To discuss	How do you defend your thesis?

Comportare (v.)	Che cosa comporta?
To involve / To imply	What does it imply?

Verificarsi (v.)	Questa situazione si verifica raramente.
To occur	This situation rarely occurs.

Atteggiamento (n.)	È un atteggiamento ragionevole.
Attitude	It is a reasonable attitude.

Implicare (v.)	Questa conclusione implica che la premessa era giusta.
To imply	This conclusion implies that the premise was correct.

Interpretazione (n.)	È una questione di interpretazione.
Interpretation	It is a question of interpretation.

Fattore (n.)	Il fattore più importante è l’ecologia.
Factor	The most important factor is ecology.

Definizione (n.)	Troverai la definizione sul dizionario.
Definition	You will find the definition in the dictionary.

Fonte (n.)	La fonte di questo studio è molto antica.
Source	The source of this study is very old.

For more words and phrases about school, school subjects, or even life on a school campus, make sure to refer to our free vocabulary lists!

2. Advanced Business Words

Many people travel for business reasons, and there’s no better way to conduct business than through effective communication. The business terms on this advanced Italian vocabulary list will help you avoid any misunderstandings when doing business with Italians. 

Strategia (n.)	È una buona strategia di vendita.
Strategy	It is a good sales strategy.

Controproposta (n.)	Aspetto la vostra controproposta.
Counter-proposal	I’m waiting for your counter-proposal.

Preventivo (n.)	Sceglieremo il miglior preventivo.
Price quotation	We will choose the best quote.

Bilancio (n.)	Il bilancio aziendale è in attivo.
Budget	The company’s budget is in the black.

Rimborso (n.)	I clienti hanno diritto ad un rimborso.
Refund	Customers are entitled to a refund.

Contabilità (n.)	La contabilità è un settore critico.
Accounting	Accounting is a critical area.

Fattura (n.)	La fattura è arrivata dopo 30 giorni.
Invoice	The invoice arrived after 30 days.

Bolla di accompagnamento (n.)	Senza bolla di accompagnamento, il prodotto non può essere spedito.
Packing slip	Without a packing slip, the product cannot be shipped.

Ricerca di mercato (n.)	Abbiamo fatto un’estesa ricerca di mercato.
Market research	We have done extensive market research.

Consumatore (n.)	Dal produttore al consumatore
Consumer	From producer to consumer

Dirigente (n.)	Il dirigente della mia azienda guadagna troppo!
Manager / Director	My company director earns too much!

Capo reparto (n.)	Il capo reparto sa sempre tutto.
Department head	The department head always knows everything.

Mercato di nicchia (n.)	Il mercato del lusso è un mercato di nicchia.
Niche market	The luxury market is a niche market.

Filiale / Succursale (n.)	Abbiamo tre filiali all’estero.
Branch	We have three branches abroad.

Inventario (n.)	Il negozio faceva l’inventario ogni anno.
Inventory	The store made an inventory every year.

Ricavi (n.)	Quest’anno i ricavi sono calati.
Revenues	Revenues have dropped this year.

Azionisti (n.)	Gli azionisti sono molto soddisfatti dei risultati.
Shareholders	The shareholders are very satisfied with the results.

Giro/Volume d’affari (n.)	Il giro d’affari di questo business è enorme.
Turnover	The turnover of this business is enormous.

Ufficio acquisti (n.)	Ho fatto domanda all’ufficio acquisti.
Purchasing department	I made a request to the purchasing department.

Estratto conto (n.)	L’estratto conto ormai è solo digitale.
Account statement	The bank statement is now only digital.

Raggiungere gli obiettivi (v.)	Quest’anno non abbiamo raggiunto gli obiettivi previsti.
To achieve goals	This year, we didn’t achieve the expected goals.

Assumere (v.)	L’azienda assumerà centinaia di giovani lavoratori.
To hire	The company will hire hundreds of young workers.

Licenziare (v.)	Purtroppo sono stato licenziato.
To dismiss / To fire	Unfortunately, I was fired.

Licenziarsi (v.)	Non ne posso più. Mi licenzio!
To quit	I have had enough. I quit!

Maternità (n.)	La maternità in Italia è obbligatoria per cinque mesi.
Maternity leave	Maternity leave in Italy is compulsory for five months.

Bancarotta (n.)	Certe volte la bancarotta è inevitabile.
Bankruptcy	Sometimes, bankruptcy is inevitable.

Marchio registrato (n.)	Ferrari è un marchio registrato.
Registered trademark	Ferrari is a registered trademark.

Stipendio (n.)	Lo stipendio è versato il 27 di ogni mese.
Salary	The salary is paid on the 27th of each month.

Busta paga (n.)	Le tasse sono detratte dalla busta paga.
Paycheck	Taxes are deducted from the paycheck.

Are the accounts correct?

→ Want to learn more vocabulary for doing business successfully? You’ll find it here!

3. Advanced Medical Words

Whether you’re planning to study medicine in Italy or you need medical attention while traveling, being able to discuss medical issues requires a somewhat advanced vocabulary. To give you a head start, we’ve compiled this list of several advanced words in Italian related to the medical field. And if you really want a full immersion experience, check out the ten (10!!!) seasons of the historic TV series Un medico in famiglia (A Doctor in the Family) from the Raiplay platform. 

Analisi del sangue (n.)	Domani devo fare le analisi del sangue.
Blood test	I have a blood test tomorrow.

Anticorpi (n.)	Gli anticorpi combattono le malattie.
Antibodies	Antibodies fight diseases.

Chirurgia (n.)	La chirurgia plastica è molto invasiva.
Surgery	Plastic surgery is very invasive.

Diagnosi precoce (n.)	Una diagnosi precoce diminuisce i rischi.
Early diagnosis	Early diagnosis decreases the risks.

Dosaggio (n.)	È necessario controllare il dosaggio delle medicine.
Dosage	It is necessary to control the dosage of the medicines.

Ecografia (n.)	Dall’ecografia si vede se il bambino è sano.
Ultrasound	The ultrasound shows if the baby is healthy.

Raggi X (n.)	Ho fatto i raggi X perché avevo un braccio rotto.
X-ray	I did the X-rays because I had a broken arm.

Prurito (n.)	Se hai prurito, ti gratti.
Itch	If you itch, you scratch.

Emorragia (n.)	Siamo riusciti ad arrestare l’emorragia.
Bleeding	We managed to stop the bleeding.

Ricetta (n.)	Il medico prescrive le ricette.
Prescription	The doctor gives prescriptions.

Sistema immunitario (n.)	Il mio sistema immunitario è debole.
Immune system	My immune system is weak.

Gesso (n.)	Per quanto tempo devi tenere il gesso?
Plaster	How long do you have to keep the plaster on?

Frattura (n.)	Per fortuna non è una frattura esposta.
Fracture	Thankfully, it’s not an open fracture.

Pressione arteriosa (n.)	È bene controllare regolarmente la pressione arteriosa.
Blood pressure	It’s good to check your blood pressure regularly.

Contagio (n.)	Chi sta diffondendo il contagio?
Infection	Who is spreading the infection?

Cura (n.)	A volte la cura sta nella prevenzione.
Cure	Sometimes the cure lies in prevention.

Tirocinio (n.)	Quella dottoressa ha fatto il tirocinio all’ospedale San Paolo.
Internship	That doctor did her internship at the San Paolo Hospital.

Cancerogeno (adj.)	Questo materiale è cancerogeno.
Carcinogenic	This material is carcinogenic.

Does it look okay to you?

→ Check out our vocabulary list to practice talking about medicines and medical treatments.

4. Advanced Legal Words

Are you a fan of detective and crime stories? If so, you might love to watch the entire series of Il commissario Montalbano (Detective Montalbano), set in wonderful Sicily. You’ll need to study and practice a few advanced legal words first, but these words could be useful in many other situations as well. You never know…

Procuratore (n.)	Ti presento il procuratore della Repubblica.
Attorney / Prosecutor	This is the public prosecutor.

Avvocato (n.)	Alcuni avvocati non hanno una buona fama.
Lawyer	Some lawyers don’t have a good reputation.

Querela (n.)	Ho ricevuto una querela per quello che ho detto.
Lawsuit	I got a lawsuit for what I said.

Essere passibile di (v.)	Il tuo comportamento è passibile di una sanzione pesante.
To be liable to	Your behavior is liable for a heavy penalty.

Fare appello / ricorso (v.)	Gli avvocati hanno fatto appello immediatamente.
To appeal	The lawyers appealed immediately.

Verdetto (n.)	Il giudice ha annunciato il verdetto.
Verdict	The judge announced the verdict.

Tribunale (n.)	Ci vedremo in tribunale!
Court	We will see you in court!

Arresti domiciliari (n.)	Il politico è stato messo agli arresti domiciliari.
House arrest	The politician was placed under house arrest.

Abrogare (v.)	È necessario abrogare questa legge ingiusta.
To repeal	It is necessary to repeal this unjust law.

Arresto (n.)	L’arresto è stato spettacolare.
Arrest / Capture	The capture was spectacular.

Calunnia (n.)	Quello che dici è solo una calunnia.
Slander	What you say is just slander.

Reato (n.)	È un reato molto grave.
Crime	It is a very serious crime.

Diffamare (v.)	È molto facile diffamare su internet.
To defame	It is very easy to defame (someone) on the internet.

Indagine (n.)	Hai visto l’ultima indagine del commissario Montalbano?
Investigation	Have you seen the latest investigation by Detective Montalbano?

Multa (n.)	Se superi il limite di velocità, ricevi una multa.
Fine	If you exceed the speed limit, you will be fined.

Precedenti penali (n.)	Hai dei precedenti penali?
Criminal records	Do you have any criminal records?

Sentenza (n.)	Questa è una sentenza storica.
Ruling	This is a historic ruling.

Testimone (n.)	Il testimone apparirà in tribunale.
Witness	The witness will appear in court.

Patteggiare (v.)	I miei avvocati mi hanno convinta a patteggiare.
To settle / To negotiate	My lawyers convinced me to negotiate.

Udienza (n.)	Quando è fissata l’udienza?
Court hearing	When is the hearing scheduled?

Verbale (n.)	Il carabiniere ha fatto il verbale dell’accaduto.
Minutes	The carabiniere took the minutes of the incident.

I love detective stories!

5. Advanced Words for Acing Italian Writing/Essays

Writing essays, whether for language certification or a student thesis, is definitely an art! But you’ll do well as long as you choose your vocabulary carefully, selecting less common words to deliver key concepts in the best possible way.

Here is a selection of verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions that will immediately increase your score on an essay or paper. 

1 – Alternative Verbs

Sometimes, the trick is to substitute a common verb with a more sophisticated one that has the same meaning. Here are some examples. Note that the first word is the common version, while the second one is the more advanced Italian verb. 

Avere	Possedere	Il mio amico possiede una bella casa.
To have	To own	My friend owns a nice house.

Dire	Affermare	Come puoi affermare una cosa del genere?
To say	To claim	How can you say such a thing?

Dare	Consegnare	Hai consegnato la tesi al professore?
To give	To deliver	Did you deliver the thesis to the professor?

Scrivere	Redigere	Devo redigere il mio curriculum.
To write	To redact	I have to redact my resume.

Comprare	Acquistare	Il mio sogno è acquistare tutto!
To buy	To acquire	My dream is to buy everything!

Volere	Desiderare	Desidero un bicchiere d’acqua, per favore.
To want	To wish	I would like a glass of water, please.

Piacere	Apprezzare	Apprezzo il vino di qualità.
To like	To appreciate	I appreciate quality wine.

Iniziare	Intraprendere	Ho intrapreso una nuova avventura.
To start	To undertake / To embark	I have embarked on a new adventure.

2 – Conjunctions

Affinché	Bisogna controllare le grandi aziende affinché non inquinino.
So that	Big companies must be controlled so that they do not pollute.

Nonostante	Nonostante il freddo, abbiamo fatto il bagno.
Despite	Despite the cold, we went swimming.

A meno che	Stasera ci sarà il concerto, a meno che non si metta a piovere.
Unless	There will be a concert tonight unless it starts raining.

Piuttosto che	Piuttosto che guardare questo film, vado a dormire.
Rather than	Rather than watching this movie, I’m going to sleep.

Non appena	Non appena arrivo ti telefono.
As soon as	As soon as I arrive, I will call you.

Comunque	Comunque è meglio di niente.
In any case	In any case, it is better than nothing.

Poiché	Non siamo usciti, poiché c’era il coprifuoco.
As	We did not go out, as there was a curfew.

Benché	Benché sia simpatico, non lo inviterò alla mia festa.
Although	Although he is nice, I will not invite him to my party.

3 – Adverbs

Decisamente	Questo è decisamente un bell’articolo!
Definitely	This is definitely a good article!

Frequentemente	Mi succede frequentemente di sbagliare.
Frequently	It happens frequently to me to make mistakes. / I frequently make mistakes.

Moderatamente	Siamo moderatamente ottimisti.
Moderately	We are moderately optimistic.

Assolutamente	Non ne voglio assolutamente parlare.
Absolutely	I absolutely don’t want to talk about it.

Ostinatamente	Continuava a rifiutare ostinatamente.
Stubbornly	He kept stubbornly refusing.

Improvvisamente	Improvvisamente tutto è diventato buio.
Suddenly	Suddenly, everything went dark.

Bruscamente	Se n’è andato bruscamente.
Abruptly	He left abruptly.

He stubbornly refused to listen…

4 – Adjectives

Accattivante	Ha un sorriso molto accattivante.
Captivating	He has a very captivating smile.

Caotico	Il traffico di Roma è caotico.
Chaotic	Traffic in Rome is chaotic.

Gradevole	La temperatura dell’acqua è molto gradevole.
Pleasant	The water temperature is very pleasant.

Malizioso	Non mi piace il tuo sorriso malizioso.
Mischievous	I don’t like your mischievous smile.

Viziato	È un bambino troppo viziato.
Spoiled	He is an extremely spoiled child.

Impeccabile	Il suo comportamento è stato impeccabile.
Flawless	His behavior was flawless.

Pacato	Parla sempre con un tono molto pacato.
Calm	He always speaks in a very calm tone.

Vivace	Mi piacciono le conversazioni vivaci.
Lively	I like lively conversations.

Ragionevole	Mi è sembrata una proposta ragionevole.
Reasonable	It seemed like a reasonable proposition.

Inaccettabile	La tua controproposta è inaccettabile.
Unacceptable	Your counteroffer is unacceptable.

Imbarazzante	È stata una situazione imbarazzante per tutti.
Embarrassing	It was an embarrassing situation for everyone.

You seem like a reasonable person…

6. Conclusion

In this guide, you have learned a large collection of both general and specialized advanced Italian words, from medical vocabulary to legal terms and business phrases. If we forgot any important topic or if you have any questions, don’t hesitate to let us know in the comments below.

Make sure to explore ItalianPod101, as we have plenty of free resources to help you practice your grammar and learn new words. Our vocabulary lists are also a great way to review new words and learn their pronunciation. Not sure where to start? Then we recommend checking out our advanced Italian course! 

Remember that you can also use our Premium PLUS service, MyTeacher, to get personal 1-on-1 coaching. Your own private teacher will help you practice advanced words and phrases, provide you with assignments and personalized exercises, and record audio samples just for you. Your teacher will also review your work and help you improve your pronunciation.

Keep learning and having fun with ItalianPod101!

Mastering Italian is an ongoing process and a wonderful journey, but you’re definitely on the right track! Once you have secured the basics, it’s time to move on and tackle more complex grammar structures and vocabulary words.

The topic of this guide is Italian words for intermediate learners, and you’ll find a great variety of nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, conjunctions, and more! We’ve included everything you need to improve your comprehension and to take part in more advanced conversations, watch movies without subtitles, or read books and magazines without a dictionary.

While this list is by no means complete, we recommend you begin practicing these intermediate Italian words right away. Remember that you can find more lessons and exercises on ItalianPod101.com—create your free lifetime account today to gain full access to our study materials.

Let’s get started!

Table of Contents

1. Let’s Start with the Numbers
2. Nouns
3. Pronouns
4. Verbs
5. Adjectives
6. Adverbs
7. Prepositions
8. Conjunctions
9. Conclusion

1. Let’s Start with the Numbers

3… 2… 1… Via! (“Go!”) 

The first set of intermediate words we’ll look at are the higher numbers. The first ten are quite easy—you just need to memorize them!

→ Check out this fun lesson if you need some refreshing on the Italian numbers from 1 to 10 before we start.

Diamo i numeri? (“Shall we give the numbers?”)

1 – From 11 to 20

The numbers from 11 to 20 are extremely useful when talking about the ages of your amici adolescenti (“teenage friends”), small prices, or the time.

11	Undici
12	Dodici
13	Tredici
14	Quattordici
15	Quindici
16	Sedici
17	Diciassette
18	Diciotto
19	Diciannove
20	Venti

There are a couple of things we should point out regarding the Italian numbers from 11 to 19. 

1. They are formed by combining the word dici (a word meaning “ten”) and the unit number. But, as you probably noticed, dici looks a bit different from dieci (as there’s an “e” missing in there). Furthermore, it’s positioned after the units until the number se-dici (16), but before the units for the numbers 17, 18, and 19.

2. Notice also how we double the consonant in diciassette (17) and diciannove (19).

2 – Counting Up to 100

20	Venti
30	Trenta
40	Quaranta
50	Cinquanta
60	Sessanta
70	Settanta
80	Ottanta
90	Novanta
100	Cento

While the numbers up to twenty can be a bit tricky, counting up to cento (100) in Italian is fairly easy. Just put together the decine (“tens”) and the units: ventuno, ventidue, ventitre, ventiquattro (21, 22, 23, 24), and so on. They all follow the same pattern.

3 – To 1,000 and Beyond

Now, the big numbers—the ones you need to talk about large amounts of money—are really straightforward. You just have to remember that they form one word (no hyphen, no space) and that we use a period (.) rather than a comma (,) to write numbers from 1,000 onward: 1,234 = 1.234.

200	Duecento
300	Trecento
(…)
900	Novecento
1,000	Mille
2,000	Duemila
10,000	Diecimila
100,000	Centomila
1,000,000	Un milione

If you want to check out more examples, read our full Italian numbers guide on ItalianPod101.com.

2. Nouns

In Italian, nouns are called sostantivi (that is, “substantive”). 

Nouns have a fundamental function in communication. They allow us to name people, things, places, concepts, actions, feelings, ideas, and anything else we might want to refer to while speaking or writing. In short, nouns define everything that exists or that we can imagine, and therefore constitute an essential element of any sentence. 

In Italian, each noun can be masculine or feminine and singular or plural. And don’t forget that they have to “agree” with other parts of speech in the sentence, such as articles or adjectives.

Let’s now see some intermediate Italian vocabulary words you can use at school, in the workplace, or in your spare time.

→ To see even more nouns along with audio recordings of their pronunciation, make sure to visit our vocabulary list on the 50 most common Italian nouns on ItalianPod101.com.

1 – Exercise

La corsa	Running
In Italy, you might hear people saying faccio footing, which sounds English—but it’s not! This is one of the many Itanglish words that have been misused over the years.

Attività fisica	Exercise
In Italian, there is no single word for general exercise, and we often think of it as andare in palestra (“to go to the gym.”)

What do we call the different kinds of sports in Italian? Let us know in the comments which sport is your favorite (in Italian, of course). 

Note that the verb used for practicing sports could be either giocare (“to play”) or fare (“to do”), depending on the sport in question. But which is which? Here we go:

Calcio Pallacanestro Pallavolo Pallanuoto Tennis	Soccer Basketball Volleyball Water Polo Tennis
For all of these sports, we use the verb giocare (“to play”). Da piccola giocavo a pallacanestro.  “When I was a kid, I played basketball.”

Nuoto Ginnastica Atletica Ciclismo Sci	Swimming Gymnastics Track and field Cycling Skiing
For these sports, on the other hand, we use fare (“to do”). Ho fatto atletica per tanti anni.  “I practiced track and field for many years.”

Un gioco

A game

Una partita

A match

Il punteggio

The score

La vittoria

The victory

Un infortunio

An injury

E tu, che sport fai oggi? (“And you, what sport are you doing today?”)

2 – The Workplace

Un lavoro

A job

La pausa caffè	The coffee break
Are you wondering why this is the second item on the list? Not only because coffee is soooo important for Italians, but also because the coffee break is the perfect moment for a creative, informal meeting among colleghi (“colleagues”).

Un colloquio (di lavoro)

An interview

Una riunione

A meeting

La sala riunioni

The meeting room

L’ufficio

The office

La scrivania

The desk

La sedia

The chair

La mensa

The cafeteria

3 – At School

La classe / L’aula	The classroom
Lo zaino / Lo zainetto	The backpack
La penna	The pen
La matita	The pencil
Il libro di testo	The textbook
Il quaderno	The notebook
Il banco	The desk
La cattedra	The teacher’s desk
La lavagna	The blackboard
Il dizionario	The dictionary
Il righello	The ruler
L’astuccio	The pencil case

4 – Arts, Crafts, and Hobbies

Il disegno	The drawing
Il dipinto	The painting
La scultura	The sculpture
La composizione	The composition
L’orchestra	The orchestra
La chitarra	The guitar
Il violino	The violin
La danza	The dance
La coreografia	The choreography
L’artigianato	The crafts

Mani esperte (“Expert hands”)

5 – At the Doctor’s

Il dottore / La dottoressa	The doctor
Il dentista	The dentist
L’ospedale	The hospital
La medicina	The medicine
La cura	The cure
Il mal di testa	The headache
Il mal di denti	The toothache
Il mal di stomaco	The stomachache
Le pillole	The pills
Il cerotto	The band-aid
L’ambulanza	The ambulance
Il vaccino	The vaccine

3. Pronouns

Pronouns are fundamental when it comes to advancing your speaking skills and reaching an intermediate level of Italian. They help you avoid repeating the names of things and people over and over again. 

There are many kinds of pronouns. Let’s start with the basics: personal pronouns.

As a beginner, you probably learned the personal subject pronouns (io, tu, lei, etc.). Now, to expand your intermediate Italian vocabulary, you’ll need to tackle the stressed, unstressed, direct, indirect, and reflexive personal pronouns. Here we go.

1 – Stressed Pronouns

Complement pronouns can be used in both stressed (forti) and unstressed (deboli) forms. The form you choose basically depends on how much emphasis you want to place on the pronoun. Let’s see a few examples. 

You need to use the strong form of the complement pronoun when you want to give greater importance to the subject or to the complement. They’re generally placed after the verb. 

For example:

Penso a te. → (stressed: “It is you I am thinking of.”)
Ti penso. → (unstressed: “I think of you.”)

Chiami me? → (stressed: “Is it really me you are calling?”)
Mi chiami? → (unstressed: “Do/can you call me?”)

And you always need a stressed form when you use the pronoun together with a preposition (di, a, da, con, etc.).

Vado con loro. (“I go with them.”)
Non mi ricordo di te… (“I don’t remember you…”)

Are you a stressed or an unstressed…pronoun?

Person	Italian pronoun	English
1st person sg.	me	me
2nd person sg.	te	you
3rd person sg.	lui / lei	he / him / she / her
1st person pl.	noi	us
2nd person pl.	voi	you
3rd person pl.	loro	them

2 – Direct, Indirect, and Reflexive Personal P
ronouns

If you don’t need to put particular emphasis on the person or thing you’re talking about, you’ll use an unstressed personal pronoun. In Italian, unstressed pronouns can be direct or indirect.

Direct pronouns replace direct object complements. In simpler terms, they answer the question “Who?” or “What?”

Chiamo Sara. (“I call Sara.”) → I call who? Sara. → La chiamo. (“I call her.”)
Mangio un gelato. (“I eat an ice cream.”) → I eat what? An ice cream. → Lo mangio. (“I eat it.”)

Indirect pronouns replace indirect object complements, and they answer the question “To whom?” or “To what?”

Telefono a Carlos. (“I make a call to Carlos.”) → To whom? To Carlos. → Gli telefono. (“I make a call to him.”)
Scrivo alla mia amica. (“I write to my friend.”) → To whom? To my friend. → Le scrivo. (“I write to her.”)

Reflexive pronouns are those that go with reflexive verbs [see verb section], and we use them when the object of a sentence is also its subject. It allows the action to fall upon the subject.

Mi alzo e mi lavo la faccia. (“I get [myself] up and I wash my face.”)

There is no equivalent in English, but the same idea is rendered by using “my, myself,” etc.

Notice how all of these pronouns are the same across the three types (direct, indirect, reflexive) except for the third person. This change takes place to distinguish between masculine and feminine forms. 

Person	Direct pronouns	Indirect pronouns	Reflexive pronouns
1st sg. [m, f]	mi	mi	mi
2nd sg. [m, f]	ti	ti	ti
3rd sg. [m]	lo	gli	si
3rd sg. [f]	la	le	si
1st pl. [m, f]	ci	ci	ci
2nd pl. [m, f]	vi	vi	vi
3rd pl. [m]	li	gli	si
3rd pl. [f]	le	gli	si

3 – Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns, like all pronouns, are used to replace the name of someone or something. Generally, they’re used to join sentences that have an element in common. 

Mio fratello viene a trovarmi. + Mio fratello studia a Roma. 
→ Mio fratello, che studia a Roma, viene a trovarmi.

(“My brother comes to visit me.” + “My brother studies in Rome.”)
→ (“My brother, who studies in Rome, comes to visit me.”)

Or:

Ti ho parlato di mio fratello. + Mio fratello studia a Roma. 
→ Mio fratello, di cui ti ho parlato, studia a Roma.

(“I told you about my brother.” + “My brother studies in Rome.”)
→ (“My brother, whom I told you about, studies in Rome.”)

che (“that” / “which” / “who”)	This is the easiest relative pronoun, as you can use it for almost anything, provided that there is no preposition.
il quale (“that” / “which” / “who”)	Compared to the one above, il quale is a bit more sophisticated and complex. It must be used with the article and agree with other words in the sentence.  Mio fratello, il quale studia a Roma, arriva domani. “My brother, who studies in Rome, arrives tomorrow.”
cui  (“that” / “which” / “who” / “where”)	This relative pronoun is used together with a preposition: La città in cui vivo. (“The city where I live.”) L’amico a cui hai scritto. (The friend you wrote to.”) Sei la ragione per cui vivo. (“You’re the reason why I live.”)

4 – Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns indicate, in an imprecise and generic way, the quantity of a thing or the identity of a person.

Some of them can also function as indefinite adjectives (if they precede the noun) and indefinite pronouns (if they replace the noun). Others are only used as indefinite pronouns.

Qualcuno (“Someone”)	Qualcuno ha capito? (“Did someone understand?”)
Nessuno (“Nobody”)	Nessuno ha capito! (“Nobody understood!”)
Ognuno (“Each one” / “Everyone”)	Ognuno fa quello che può. (“Everyone does what they can.”)
Niente (“Nothing”)	Non ho capito niente… (“I understood nothing…”)
Qualcosa (“Something”)	Forse ho capito qualcosa. (“Maybe I understood something.”)
Un tale / Un tizio (“Somebody”)	Ieri ho incontrato un tale… (“Yesterday I met somebody…”)
We often use the expression tizio, caio, e sempronio to talk about generic people—those we don’t really know or who don’t mean much to us. For some reason, these three names were chosen in Ancient Rome to represent a Mr. Nobody…

→ To learn more about pronouns, their various categories, and how to use them, be sure to stop by our complete guide on ItalianPod101.com.

4. Verbs

At the beginner level, you learned a number of basic action words that allowed you to get your point across. These words may have been quite useful at first, but as your speaking and writing skills improve, you should start picking up some intermediate Italian verbs. Knowing these will help you sound more like a native speaker and give you the means to better express yourself. 

1 – Reflexive Verbs

Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of a sentence performed an action on itself. This type of verb is always used with reflexive pronouns [see previous section]. They’re extremely common in Italian, which means they’ll make an excellent addition to your intermediate Italian vocabulary.

Guardarsi allo specchio (“Look in the mirror”)

Annoiarsi	To get bored
Arrabbiarsi	To get angry
Divertirsi	To have fun
Impegnarsi	To engage
Innamorarsi	To fall in love
Lamentarsi	To complain
Pettinarsi	To comb (one’s hair)
Preoccuparsi	To worry
Truccarsi	To put on makeup
Rilassarsi	To chill out
Sedersi	To sit
Sposarsi	To get married
Svegliarsi	To wake up
Vergognarsi	To be ashamed
Vestirsi	To get dressed

2 – Verbs and Prepositions

Some verbs use simple and complex prepositions (preposizioni articolate) before the noun or the infinitive that follows them. But which preposition do we use? Di, da, a…? Unfortunately, there is no precise rule, and the only way to learn them is by heart. 

Here’s a list of the most common verb-preposition pairs you’ll need to add to your intermediate vocabulary.

Pensare a	To think to
Minacciare di	To threaten to
Fingere di	To pretend to
Dubitare di	To doubt of
Finire di	To finish to
Evitare di	To avoid to
Cominciare a	To start to
Abituarsi a	To get used to
Aiutare a	To help to
Andare a	To go to
Continuare a	To keep on
Imparare a	To learn to
Mettersi a	To start to
Provare a	To try to

5. Adjectives

Adjectives are the perfect instruments to improve the way you express ideas. The more, the better. Here, we’ll just concentrate on possessive adjectives as well as comparatives and superlatives. 

→ But for a great read on adjectives, don’t miss our article Top 100 Italian Adjectives on the ItalianPod101 blog.

1 – Possessives

Possessive adjectives in Italian are always preceded by an article, except when they’re followed by terms indicating a singular family member: mio fratello (“my brother”), tua sorella (“your sister”), etc. 

They need to agree in gender and number with the noun, and their form doesn’t change even when they’re turned into pronouns.

La mia famiglia (“My family”)

Italian Possessives	Adjective	Pronoun
il mio / la mia / i miei / le mie	my	mine
il tuo / la tua/ i tuoi / le tue	your	yours
il suo / la sua/ i suoi / le sue	his / her	his / her
il nostro / la nostra/ i nostri / le nostre	our	ours
il vostro / la vostra/ i vostri / le vostre	your	yours
il loro / la loro  / i loro / le loro	their	theirs

2 – Comparatives & Superlatives

In Italian, comparatives and superlatives are normally formed with più or meno (“more” or “less”) and the adjective. However, there are also some irregular forms that come directly from the Latin model.

Migliore	Better
Ottimo	Great / Best
Maggiore	Bigger / Greater
Minore	Minor / Less
Superiore	Superior / Higher
Ulteriore	Further
Peggiore	Worse
Pessimo	Bad / Worst
Inferiore	Inferior / Lower

6. Adverbs

Like with adjectives, you could get away with very few adverbs as a beginner, but you’ll need to learn some more as you level up. They’re not only great for showing style and sophistication in writing, but also for helping the audience picture how something is done when you’re having a conversation.

1 – When

Già	Already
A lungo	A long time / Long
Adesso	Now
Ancora	Again
Finalmente	At last
Allora	Then

2 – How Often 

A volte	Sometimes
Raramente	Rarely
Solitamente	Usually
Generalmente	Generally / Usually
Sempre	All the time
Mai	Never

3 – Where 

Da nessuna parte	Nowhere
Da qualche parte	Somewhere
Altrove	Somewhere else
Su	Up / Above
Giù	Down / Below
Sopra	Over / On
Sotto	Under / Below
Lontano	Far
Vicino	Close

Facciamolo…silenziosamente. (“Let’s do it…quietly.”)

4 – How 

Silenziosamente	Softly / Quietly
Lentamente / Piano	Slowly
Rapidamente	Fast / Quickly / Shortly
Con calma / Piano	Calmly / Quietly
Facilmente	Easily
Fortunatamente	Luckily
Semplicemente	Simply / Just

5 – How Much 

Piuttosto	Rather
Abbastanza	Enough
Specialmente	Especially
Quasi	Almost
Quanto	How much / How many
Talmente	So / So much / So many
Circa	About / Approximately

Take note of how many adverbs are formed by the [adjective + mente] pattern (rara-mente, general-mente, lenta-mente). Why don’t you give it a try? You can create a great number of adverbs to build upon your intermediate vocabulary! Or, you can find many more adverbs in our guide to the top 100 most useful Italian adverbs on ItalianPod101.com.

7. Prepositions

You don’t need too many prepositions, but they’re still vital when it comes to articulating your speech and structuring your sentences. They mark the relationships and links between people, objects, places, and moments.

1 – Time

Prima

Before / Prior

Dopo	After / Then / Once

Fra	In / Within
Fra (which also means “between” or “among”) is used to talk about a period of time after which something will occur, as in: Vado in vacanza fra una settimana. (“I go on holiday in a week.”) The opposite is expressed with fa (“ago”): Siamo arrivati una settimana fa. (“We arrived a week ago.”)

Da	Since
The preposition da (which also has many other meanings, such as “at,” “from,” etc.) is used to talk about how long (since) something has been happening. Vivo a Roma dal 2019. (“I’ve been living in Rome since 2019.”)

2 – Space

Accanto

Next to / Beside

A destra

To the right

A sinistra

To the left

Da	At
Da is used to mean “at someone’s place or office.” For example: Dormo da un amico. (“I sleep at my friend’s house.”)  Vado dal medico. (“I go to the doctor.”)

Davanti

In front of / Ahead

Dietro

Behind

Sotto

Under

Sopra

Over / On

8. Conjunctions

Conjunctions allow you to connect two (or more) words, clauses, or sentences together. They can also be used to clarify the relationship between one sentence and the next. They’re very cool because, by using conjunctions, you’re able to build more sophisticated phrases. 

You may have learned the most basic conjunctions already (e, o, se, perché, ma), so we’ll just focus on the slightly more advanced ones here. 

Né carne, né pesce… sono vegetariana! (“Neither meat nor fish… I’m a vegetarian!”)

Né…né (“Nor” / “Neither…nor” / “Either…or”)

• Non mangio né carne né pesce. (“I eat neither meat nor fish.”)

Quindi (“Therefore” / “So”)

• Sono stanca quindi vado a letto. (“I’m tired, so I’m going to bed.”)

Altrimenti (“Otherwise”)

• Studia, altrimenti mi arrabbio! (“Study; otherwise, I’ll get angry!”)

Poiché (“Since” / “As”)

• Poiché insisti, accetto il tuo invito. (“Since you insist, I accept your invitation.”)

Sebbene (“Although”)

• Sebbene sia stanca, continuo a scrivere. (“Although I am tired, I continue to write.”)

→ Note how some conjunctions (sebbene, a meno che, così che, qualora) need to use the subjunctive.

Invece di (“Instead of”)

• Invece di uscire, abbiamo visto un film a casa. (“Instead of going out, we saw a movie at home.”)

Mentre (“While”) 

• Mentre ero al parco, ho incontrato un amico. (“While I was in the park, I met a friend.”)

9. Conclusion

In this guide, you’ve learned many of the best Italian words for intermediate learners. Did we forget any important words or categories you’d like to know about?

If you want more, remember that ItalianPod101 offers a great variety of vocabulary lists with audio recordings and other free resources to help you continue improving! 

Remember that you can also use our Premium PLUS service, MyTeacher, to get personal 1-on-1 coaching with your own private teacher who can help you practice intermediate words and more. Your teacher can give you assignments and personalized exercises, record audio samples to help with your pronunciation, and review all of your work to help you learn more efficiently.

Keep having fun and learning with ItalianPod101!

Verb tenses are absolutely necessary in clearly defining when a given action is taking place. 

If you were to browse through any Italian grammar textbook or study an Italian conjugation table, you would probably find yourself overwhelmed by the number (21!) and apparent complexity of the tenses. And on top of that, each of the Italian tenses has to be conjugated for the six persons (io, tu, lui/lei, noi, voi, loro). This means that—unlike in English—every person of every tense has a different form. 

But don’t worry, I have good news. Two pieces of good news, actually! 

1. To have a complete and meaningful conversation in Italian, you really just need to know three (3!) tenses: presente (present), passato prossimo (near past), and imperfetto (imperfect). You can also throw in the imperative, if you want, since it has pretty much the same form as the present.
   


2. Even though every person of every tense is conjugated and has a different form, the basic forms of the conjugations (the verb endings) follow a very consistent and predictable pattern. Once you’ve memorized that pattern, you’ll be able to easily apply it to whatever verb and tense you need.

Of course, there are other verb tenses in Italian that are used to express more complex thoughts and concepts, but we can worry about those later on. Just keep in mind that you can alw/ays get by knowing just the three basic Italian tenses. Isn’t that wonderful?

→ Before we start, why not review the 100+ Most Important Italian Verbs?

Mangio una pizza. (“I’m eating a pizza.”)

Table of Contents

1. Present Tense
2. Past Tenses
3. Future
4. Conditional
5. Are You in the Mood for Moods…? 😉
6. Verb Conjugation and Auxiliary Verbs Summary
7. Conclusion

1. Present Tense

The present tense in Italian is used to express an action happening right now, as we speak. It’s by far the most common and most frequently used tense in the Italian language.

Mangio una pizza.	“I’m eating a pizza.”
Andiamo al cinema?	“Let’s go to the movies?”
Non lavoro la domenica.	“I don’t work on Sundays.”

In addition to expressing actions happening right now, the Italian present tense is also commonly used to express the near future or the intention of doing something. Of course, there’s a specific tense for future (which we’ll see later on), but keep in mind that it’s extremely common in Italian to use the present tense to express a near-future intention or action.

Domani vado a mangiare una pizza.	“Tomorrow I’ll go for pizza.”
L’estate prossima andiamo in vacanza in Sicilia.	“Next summer we’ll go to Sicily on vacation.”

2. Past Tenses

When it comes to the past tense in Italian, it gets a bit more complicated. This is because there are actually two main Italian past tenses that we use depending on the situation. Here’s a brief overview with examples to make everything clearer.

A- Passato Prossimo

Passato prossimo (simple past) is the tense that expresses a specific action that happened in the past and ended in the past. The Italian passato prossimo is formed by combining the auxiliary avere (to have) or essere (to be) and the past participle, usually* ending in -ato, -uto, or -ito, respectively for the -are, -ere, and ire conjugations.

Hai studiato? (“Did you study?”)

Infinitive	Past participle	Passato prossimo
Mangi-are (To eat)	Mangi-ato	Ho mangiato (I ate)
Cred-ere (To believe)	Cred-uto	Hai creduto (You believed)
Cap-ire (To understand)	Cap-ito	Ha capito (She understood)

That’s not too hard to remember, right? 

Just keep in mind that there’s a great number of verbs that have an irregular past participle, so you’ll have to memorize them. The good news is that some of them are so common that the memorization process will happen naturally. Also, they’re mostly of the -ere conjugation, so you should watch out for those. 

Here’s a quick list of some must-know verbs that have an irregular past participle, along with their passato prossimo forms.

Infinitive	Irregular Passato Prossimo	Infinitive	Irregular Passato Prossimo
Accendere	Ho acceso (I turned on)	Perdere	Ho perso (I lost)
Aprire	Ho aperto (I opened)	Prendere	Ho preso (I took)
Chiedere	Ho chiesto (I asked)	Ridere	Ho riso (I laughed)
Chiudere	Ho chiuso (I closed)	Rimanere	Sono rimasto/a (I stayed)
Correre	Ho corso (I ran)	Rispondere	Ho risposto (I answered)
Dire	Ho detto (I said)	Scendere	Sono sceso/a (I went down)
Essere	Sono stato/a (I was)	Scrivere	Ho scritto (I wrote)
Fare	Ho fatto (I did/made)	Spegnere	Ho spento (I turned off)
Leggere	Ho letto (I read)	Vedere	Ho visto (I saw)
Mettere	Ho messo (I put)	Venire	Sono venuto/a (I came)
Morire	Sono morto/a (I died)	Vivere	Sono*/Ho vissuto (I lived)
Nascere	Sono nato/a (I was born)

Ieri ho mangiato a casa di mio fratello.	“Yesterday, I ate at my brother’s house.”
Durante le vacanze sono andata** al mare tutti i giorni.	“During my vacation, I went to the beach every day.”
Hai letto il giornale di ieri?	“Did you read yesterday’s newspaper?”
Non abbiamo chiesto l’orario del treno…	“We haven’t asked for the train schedule…”

You probably noticed that in the examples, the auxiliary avere (to have) was sometimes used and essere (to be) was used other times. Why? Well, this is rather common in Romance languages. So, if you’re familiar with French or Spanish, for example, this shouldn’t come as a surprise. Basically, you always use avere as an auxiliary, except when you have an intransitive verb. 

What does “intransitive” mean? 

Intransitive verbs cannot have a direct object and must be used with the essere auxiliary. These verbs often indicate movement or a change of state, such as: 

• Andare (To go) 
• Rimanere (To stay)
• Nascere (To be born)
• Morire (To die)

At the beginning, it might seem complicated—but don’t worry! With a little practice, choosing the right auxiliary will be really easy!

Another thing to remember: If you use the essere auxiliary in any compound tense, you need to make it agree with the subject. It’s easier to show than to explain:

Giovanni è andato a scuola.                    (Giovanni went to school.)
Maria è tornata dalle vacanze.                 (Maria is back from vacation.)
(Noi) Siamo nati in Italia.                        (We were born in Italy.)
Le mie amiche sono venute in treno.       (My friends came by train.)

On the other hand, if you had a verb that uses the avere auxiliary, the ending always stays the same:

Giovanni ha studiato la lezione.                            (Giovanni studied the lesson.)
Maria ha mangiato un panino.                             (Maria ate a sandwich.)
(Noi) Abbiamo visto un bel film.                            (We saw a good movie.)
Le mie amiche hanno organizzato una festa.         (My friends organized a party.)

Passato prossimo is often used with adverbs or phrases indicating time, such as: 

• ieri (yesterday)
• l’altro ieri (the day before yesterday)
• la settimana scorsa (last week)
• un mese fa (a year ago)
• l’anno passato (last year)

So far so good? Then let’s get ready for the imperfetto.

B- Imperfetto

Imperfetto (imperfect) is a tense that exists in most Romance languages. It indicates a recurrent or usual action, an action that is still pending or not yet completed, or an ongoing action that occurred while another action happened. Basically, it’s an “imperfect” tense because it does not describe a definite, precise action of the past. It might be a little tricky at first, but you’ll soon get the hang of it.

When and how do we use it, then? The indicative imperfect is used…

• …to indicate an action not completed, which took place at the same time as another:
  
  Quando sono entrato, stavi dormendo. (When I came in, you were asleep.)
  Mentre andavo a scuola, ho incontrato una mia amica. (When I was going to school, I met a friend of mine.)

• …to indicate an action that was habitually repeated in the past:
  
  Tutte le estati andavamo in Sicilia in treno. (Every summer, we used to go to Sicily by train.)
  Il nonno veniva a trovarci tutti i giorni e ci portava le caramelle. (Grandpa came to visit every day and brought us candies.)

C’era il sole e gli uccellini cantavano. (“It was sunny and the birds sang.”)

• …to describe events, places, and people’s physical characteristics:
  
  C’era il sole e gli uccellini cantavano. (It was sunny and the birds sang.)
  Le montagne erano tutte coperte di neve. (The mountains were all covered with snow.)
  Maria aveva i capelli neri e gli occhi verdi. (Maria had black hair and green eyes.)

Since we’re talking so much about the past… There’s another past tense that’s so remote people don’t really use it anymore when speaking: the passato remoto. It’s a simple tense, used today mainly in written texts such as history textbooks and Italian literature. That’s why it’s important to be able to recognize it.

Giulio Cesare fu un generale romano. (Julius Caesar was a Roman general.)
La ragazza andò via senza voltarsi. (The girl left without looking back.)
Quell’estate andammo al mare solo una volta. (That summer, we only went to the beach once.)

3. Future

As mentioned before, in Italian you can use the present tense when talking about the near future. So, if you’re talking about your plans for later in the day or the following week, you can simply use the present tense and let the temporal adverb communicate that it will happen in the future. For example: 

Domani esco da scuola alle tre del pomeriggio! (Tomorrow I leave school at three in the afternoon!)
Domenica facciamo una gita in montagna. (On Sunday, we are going for a day-trip to the mountains.)
La settimana prossima faccio una festa, vieni? (Next week I am throwing a party, will you come?)

But that doesn’t work all the time. When you’re talking about the distant future or want to be more specific about a future event, you’ll have to use the future tense. 

The future tense in Italian is easy to spot, as it’s formed by adding an ending to the verb’s infinitive stem. 

	Infinitive
Future	parl-are (to talk)	legg-ere (to read)	sent-ire (to hear)
io	parl–erò	legg-erò	sent-irò
tu	parl–erai	legg-erai	sent-irai
lui/lei	parl–erà	legg-erà	sent-irà
noi	parl–eremo	legg-eremo	sent-iremo
voi	parl–erete	legg-erete	sent-irete
loro	parl–eranno	legg-eranno	sent-iranno

Easy, right? Just keep in mind that you need to change the a into an e for the first conjugation (the one in -are): 

• parlare >> parlerò 
• mangiare >> mangerò 
• volare >> volerò

Also remember that the first (io = “I”) and third (lui/lei = “he/she”) persons have an accent on the ending, which means you need to put the stress on that final vowel.

But you can notice that, apart from the vowel coming from the stem of the infinitive, all endings are the same for each of the three conjugations.

L’anno prossimo faremo un viaggio negli Stati Uniti.      (Next year we will travel to the United States.)
Un giorno questa situazione cambierà.                             (One day this situation will change.)
Prevedo che nel 2021 l’economia crescerà.                      (I predict that in 2021 the economy will grow.)
Domani ci sarà il sole?                                                     (Will it be sunny tomorrow?)

Another common use for the future tense in Italian is to express a supposition or a doubt:

Che ora sarà? (What time can it be?)
Saranno le tre, le tre e mezza. (It is probably three, three and a half.)

Quanti anni avrà Maria? (How old can Maria be?)
Boh, avrà vent’anni. (Dunno, she’s probably twenty.)

And finally, we use the future tense in the main clause when we’re stating a very realistic hypothesis, such as:

Se non piove, uscirò. (If it doesn’t rain, I will go out.)
Se leggi il libro, capirai il film. (If you read the book, you will understand the movie.)

Se non piove, domani uscirò… (“If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go out tomorrow …”)

4. Conditional

Once you know how to conjugate the future tense, it’s very easy to use the conditional because it’s formed exactly the same way. Just use the stem from the infinitive (changing the a into e for the -are conjugation) and add the appropriate ending for conditional.

Conditional is very important because it’s one of the most common Italian tenses and it’s used to express many situations.

• A personal opinion:
  Io voterei per l’altro candidato. (I would vote for the other candidate.)


• A doubt:
  Cosa dovremmo fare? (What should we do?)
  


• A possibility:
  Sono così stanca che potrei dormire per due giorni! (I’m so tired that I could sleep for two days!)
  


• A desire:
  Mangerei un gelato al cioccolato… (I would love a chocolate ice cream…)
  Oggi andrei al cinema. (Today I would like/love to go to the movies.)

• A polite demand:
  Potrei avrei un cappuccino? (Could I have a cappuccino?)
  Vorremmo noleggiare un’auto. (We would like to rent a car.)

Vorrei noleggiare questa macchina! (“I wish to rent this car!”)

We’ve already talked about hypothetical sentences regarding very realistic situations. Another important use of the conditional is in hypothetical sentences where we’re stating something very unrealistic. Do you remember these examples? Let’s look at them from a different point of view:

Se non piovesse, uscirei. (If it weren’t raining—but it is!—I would go out.)
Se tu leggessi il libro, capiresti il film. (If you read the book—but you refuse to—you would understand the movie.)

Or:

Se fossi ricco, comprerei una casa al mare. (If I were rich—but I’m not!—I would buy a beach house.)
Se tutti andassimo in bici, non ci sarebbe traffico! (If we all rode bikes—very unlikely—there would be no traffic!)

If you’re asking yourself what tense the verbs piovesse, leggessi, fossi, and andassimo, are in, I’ll tell you right away that it’s the past subjunctive (congiuntivo passato). We’ll talk about it in a little bit.

5. Are You in the Mood for Moods…? 😉

We’ve just mentioned condizionale (“conditional”) and congiuntivo (“subjunctive”), but we need to back up a little here. These are not tenses, but rather modi (“moods”). In other words, they indicate the attitude of the speaker relative to the action expressed in the verb.

For example, if the action is real we use the indicative; if it’s possible, we use the subjunctive; if it’s subject to particular conditions, we use the conditional; and if we’re giving orders, we use the imperative. These are the four Italian finite moods, meaning that they’re conjugated for each person. Then there are three infinite moods which are invariable and don’t change with different subjects. 

On the other hand, the tenses only refer to the time of the action (in the present, in the past, or in the future).

Here’s a table that represents all of the moods and tenses in Italian for my favorite verb: studiare (to study).

FINITE MOODS
Indicativo
Presente (studio) Imperfetto (studiavo) Passato remoto (studiai) Futuro (studierò)	Passato prossimo (ho studiato) Trapassato prossimo (avevo studiato) Trapassato remoto (ebbi studiato) Futuro anteriore (avrò studiato)
Condizionale
Presente (studierei)	Passato (avrei studiato)
Congiuntivo
Presente (che io studi) Imperfetto (che io studiassi)	Passato (che io abbia studiato) Trapassato (che io avessi studiato)
Imperativo
Presente (studia!)

INFINITE MOODS
Infinito
Presente (studiare)	Passato(aver studiato)
Participio
Presente (studiante)	Passato (studiato)
Gerundio
Presente (studiando)	Passato(avendo studiato)

6. Verb Conjugation and Auxiliary Verbs Summary

Now that we’ve taken into consideration the absolutely must-know Italian tenses (and had an overview of all the Italian moods and tenses), it’s time to look at how to form every Italian tense using the help of auxiliaries.

→ We’re not going to go into too much detail about conjugation, because if you want to know more about it, you just need to check out this fantastic article on the ItalianPod101 blog.

Gli ausiliari sono qui per aiutare. (“Auxiliaries are here to help.”)

Auxiliaries have lots of uses, as the name itself suggests: auxiliary = ausiliare = “to help.” 

We’ve already seen how to choose between essere (to be) and avere (to have) when forming the passato prossimo. Now we can look at other tenses (and other moods) that you’ll need the help of auxiliaries to use. Here we go!

A- Reality [Indicative]

Presente Studio perché mi piace l’italiano! (I study because I like Italian!)	Passato Prossimo Anche tu hai studiato italiano con ItalianPod101? (Have you also studied Italian with ItalianPod101?)
Imperfetto Da bambina giocavo con le macchinine. (As a child, I used to play with toy cars.)	Trapassato Prossimo Quando sono arrivato, erano partiti da un’ora. (When I arrived, they had left an hour before.)
Passato Remoto Il gatto saltò sul divano. (The cat jumped on the sofa.)	Trapassato Remoto Dopo che Cesare ebbe conquistato la Gallia, si riposò. (After Caesar had conquered Gaul, he rested.)
Futuro Da grande farò l’astronauta. (When I grow up, I will be an astronaut.)	Futuro Anteriore Dopo che avrò studiato uscirò con gli amici. (After I study, I will go out with friends.)

B- Desire [Conditional]

Presente Mangerei un chilo di gelato al cioccolato… (I would eat a kilo of chocolate ice cream…)

Passato Ieri mi sarebbe piaciuto andare al cinema. (Yesterday, I would have liked to go to the movies.)

C- Doubt, Possibility [Subjunctive]

Presente Penso che Carlos canti benissimo. (I think Carlos sings very well.)	Passato Penso che Carlos ieri abbia cantato meglio. (I think Carlos sang better yesterday.)
Imperfetto Pensavo che Carlos oggi cantasse in italiano. (I thought Carlos was singing in Italian today.)	Trapassato  Ero convinta che Carlos ieri avesse cantato meglio. (I was convinced that Carlos had sung better yesterday.)

D- Giving Orders [Imperative]

Presente Studia se vuoi migliorare! (Study if you want to improve!)

E- Indefinite Moods

The indefinite moods are verb forms that are only used in subordinate clauses, because they cannot stand alone in a sentence.

Infinitive

It indicates the pure action expressed by the verb. It ends in -are, -ere, ire.

• Correre è bello! (Running is fun!)
• Voglio andare al mare… (I want to go to the beach…) 

Present participle

It usually turns the verb into a noun or an adjective (as in, the person or the thing doing the action). It ends in -ante, -ente.

• Il cantante è bravo. (The singer is good.)

Past participle

We already looked at this mood when talking about the passato prossimo. It’s the one ending in -ato, -uto, -ito that we use together with auxiliaries.

• Ho cantato tutto la notte. (I sang all night.)

Gerund

It’s used to indicate something that is in the process of occurring, often used with the verb stare. It ends in -ando, -endo.

• Sto cantando sotto la pioggia. (I’m singing in the rain.)
• Stai ancora dormendo? (Are you still sleeping?)

7. Conclusion

Verbs are like bricks that you need in order to speak full sentences. In this lesson, you learned enough tenses, moods, and verbal forms to build yourself a beautiful Italian villa!

How confident are you feeling about Italian verb tenses now? Feel free to reach out in the comments if you have any questions, and we’ll get back to you!

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