Learn about regular Italian verbs ending in -are, -ere, and -ire
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Betsey: Hi everyone! Welcome back to ItalianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner Season 1 Lesson 2 - What Do You Do in Your Free Time in Italy? I'm Betsey. |
| Ofelia: Ciao! Ofelia here! In this lesson you'll learn how to use regular verbs in –are, -ere, -ire. |
| Betsey: This conversation takes place at the bar after school. |
| Ofelia: It's between Mieke and Jack. The speakers are friends, so they will be using informal language. |
| Betsey: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Mieke: Cosa fai di solito dopo la scuola? |
| Jack: Lavoro in un ristorante qui vicino il mercoledì e venerdì sera. Oppure leggo qui al bar o ... dormo a casa. E tu? |
| Mieke: Anch'io lavoro. In una pasticceria, tre volte alla settimana. Il venerdì gioco a tennis e il lunedì studio italiano in una scuola in centro. |
| Jack: Ma tu parli già bene l'italiano! |
| Betsey: Let's hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Mieke: Cosa fai di solito dopo la scuola? |
| Jack: Lavoro in un ristorante qui vicino il mercoledì e venerdì sera. Oppure leggo qui al bar o ... dormo a casa. E tu? |
| Mieke: Anch'io lavoro. In una pasticceria, tre volte alla settimana. Il venerdì gioco a tennis e il lunedì studio italiano in una scuola in centro. |
| Jack: Ma tu parli già bene l'italiano! |
| Betsey: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| Mieke: Cosa fai di solito dopo la scuola? |
| Mieke: What do you usually do after school? |
| Jack: Lavoro in un ristorante qui vicino il mercoledì e venerdì sera. Oppure leggo qui al bar o ... dormo a casa. E tu? |
| Jack: I work in a restaurant nearby on Wednesday and Friday evenings. Or read here at the bar or...sleep at home. And you? |
| Mieke: Anch'io lavoro. In una pasticceria, tre volte alla settimana. Il venerdì gioco a tennis e il lunedì studio italiano in una scuola in centro. |
| Mieke: I also work. In a patisserie, three times a week. On Fridays, I play tennis, and on Mondays, I study Italian in a school in the center. |
| Jack: Ma tu parli già bene l'italiano! |
| Jack: But you already speak Italian well! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Betsey: Ofelia, I recently read a survey about whether Italian people like their routines or not. What's an average day in the life of an Italian? |
| Ofelia: As you can imagine, in the morning people have a cappuccino and pastry in their usual bar. |
| Betsey: Do you like to do that? |
| Ofelia: Yes, I do, and so do many Italian people! |
| Betsey: Ok, and what about work? |
| Ofelia: People usually drive to work. According to the survey, most people - when asked about work - said that they would prefer to have the same job until retirement. |
| Betsey: That's interesting. Then what about after-work activities? |
| Ofelia: Well, they are not very active! After work, most people go home, have dinner and spend the evening watching TV. |
| Betsey: Really? But this routine changes on the weekend, right? |
| Ofelia: It does! People in Italy hang out with their friends on the weekends, usually on Saturday night. |
| Betsey: What do Italians do with their friends? |
| Ofelia: They usually like eating good food and drinking delicious wine, either at home or in restaurants. |
| Betsey: I see, that sounds good. Now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Betsey: The first word we shall see is... |
| Ofelia: di solito [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: usually |
| Ofelia: di solito [slowly - broken down by syllable] di solito [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: qui vicino [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: nearby |
| Ofelia: qui vicino [slowly - broken down by syllable] qui vicino [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: mercoledi [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Wednesday |
| Ofelia: mercoledi [slowly - broken down by syllable] mercoledi [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: leggere [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: to read |
| Ofelia: leggere [slowly - broken down by syllable] leggere [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: dormire [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: to sleep |
| Ofelia: dormire [slowly - broken down by syllable] dormire [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: pasticceria [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: pastry shop |
| Ofelia: pasticceria [slowly - broken down by syllable] pasticceria [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: volta [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: time |
| Ofelia: volta [slowly - broken down by syllable] volta [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: settimana [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: week |
| Ofelia: settimana [slowly - broken down by syllable] settimana [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: Next |
| Ofelia: studiare [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: to study |
| Ofelia: studiare [slowly - broken down by syllable] studiare [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: And last... |
| Ofelia: centro [natural native speed] |
| Betsey: center |
| Ofelia: centro [slowly - broken down by syllable] centro [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Betsey: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first one we'll look at is... |
| Ofelia: MERCOLEDI' |
| Betsey: WEDNESDAY |
| Ofelia: Here's a sample sentence. 'Che cosa fai mercoledì sera?' |
| Betsey: "What are you doing on Wednesday evening?" |
| Ofelia: Here, the word 'Sera' means "evening." and together, you can say 'mercoledì sera' to mean 'Wednesday evening.' |
| Betsey: Ofelia, could we go over the days of the week? |
| Ofelia: Sure. Let's start with "Monday," First, 'Lunedì'. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Monday. Then what about Tuesday? |
| Ofelia: martedì. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Wednesday? |
| Ofelia: mercoledì. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Thursday? |
| Ofelia: giovedì. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Friday? |
| Ofelia: venerdì. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Saturday? |
| Ofelia: sabato. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Sunday? |
| Ofelia: domenica. (PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Are they all masculine? |
| Ofelia: They are all masculine, except for 'domenica' which means "Sunday," |
| Betsey: You can see this list of the days of the week in the lesson notes. |
| Ofelia: Please note that the first letter is not capitalized like in English. |
| Betsey: Okay! What's the next word? |
| Ofelia: SETTIMANA |
| Betsey: WEEK |
| Ofelia: Here's a sample sentence. "In una settimana ci sono sette giorni." |
| Betsey: In a week there are seven days. |
| Ofelia: The word 'settimana' is feminine. Here, it has the word 'sette' inside, which means the number 'Seven.' |
| Betsey: That's a good tip to memorize the word. Are there any expressions with 'settimana'? |
| Ofelia: Yes. First, let's take a look at "fine settimana" Here, 'fine' means 'end' and "settimana' means 'week.' |
| Betsey: So it literally means 'the end of week.' or 'weekend' in English. |
| Ofelia: Can you guess what this word means - settimana bianca. |
| Betsey: What does the second word mean? |
| Ofelia: bianca means "white" so altogether it means "white week." |
| Betsey: And...that's for skiing season right? |
| Ofelia: That's right. People call the skiing week as settimana bianca or "white week," For example, you can say ‘Maria trascorre la settimana bianca a Cortina.' |
| Betsey: "Mary spends the skiing week in Cortina." Okay, now, let's move on to the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Betsey: The focus of this lesson is the conjugation of Italian verbs in the present indicative. |
| Ofelia: Yes. Italian verbs are divided into three conjugation groups, according to the ending of the infinitive. |
| Betsey: Could you briefly introduce them one by one? |
| Ofelia: Sure. In the first group, all verbs end with –A.R.E. or 'Are.' For example, lavorare (SLOWLY), meaning "to work" in English. |
| Betsey: What about the second group? |
| Ofelia: In the second group, all verbs end in –E.R.E or 'ere'. For example leggere (SLOWLY) meaning "to read" in English. |
| Betsey: Ok, and what about the third one? |
| Ofelia: All the verbs in the third group end with 'I.R.E' or 'ire.' For example, dormire (SLOWLY) the word meaning 'to sleep' in English. |
| Betsey: Italian verbs are conjugated in the various persons and numbers, by adding the proper ending to the stem. |
| Ofelia: Exactly. When you read regular verbs in Italian, you just need to substitute the infinitive endings, -are, -ere, -ire, with the right person and number ending. It is easier than it seems. |
| Betsey: Can you give us an example? |
| Ofelia: Of course. From the first group, 'LAVORARE', meaning "to work." you can conjugate them by replacing the infinitive ending '-are.' |
| Betsey: Okay, let's check them one by one by changing the subject. What about the subject 'I' or the first person pronoun? |
| Ofelia: You can put 'O', instead of 'are.' |
| Betsey: For example, "I work" can be.. |
| Ofelia: 'lavor-o'. You can take out the 'ARE' at the end of the verb, then put 'O' instead. Therefore, 'Lavor-O.' |
| Betsey: What about "you work?" (informal) |
| Ofelia: You can put "I" instead. So it'd be 'Tu lavor-i'. |
| Betsey: What about "he or she works"? |
| Ofelia: You can put 'A' at the end. So it will be 'Lui lavor-a', or 'lei lavor-a'. Remember that 'LEI LAVORA' is also the polite way to say 'you work'. |
| Betsey: What about 'We work?' |
| Ofelia: You can use 'iamo' at the end, so it will be 'Noi lavor-iamo' |
| Betsey: And there's also the pronoun meaning 'you' in plural, right? |
| Ofelia: Right. When you use the verb with the pronoun 'Voi', it should be 'Voi lavor-ate'. You can put '-ATE' in the place of '-ARE'.(PAUSE) |
| Betsey: Okay, let's check the last one. What about 'They work?' |
| Ofelia: You can replace 'ARE' with 'ANO.' So it should be. 'Loro lavor-ano.' |
| Betsey: Okay, now let's take a look at the verbs in the second group ending with 'ere' |
| Ofelia: 'ERE' verbs are very similar, but there are some differences. Let's go over the differences, but here we'll just compare to the conjugation rules of the first group. |
| Betsey: Sure. How do you say 'He reads' or 'She reads?' |
| Ofelia: 'Lui legg-e or Lei legg-e' (Pause) 'Lui legg-e or Lei legg-e'. Here, you can put 'E' at the end. |
| Betsey: It's different that you had to put 'A' when you conjugate the verbs ending with 'Are.' |
| Ofelia: That's right. |
| Betsey: And you can find the same difference when using the pronoun 'Voi', right? |
| Ofelia: That's right. You can say 'You read' as 'Voi legg-ete' (PAUSE) 'Voi legg-ete' |
| Betsey: So it's not 'a.t.e', but 'e.t.e', E instead of A when talking about the second group. |
| Ofelia: That's right. |
| Betsey: What about "they read?" |
| Ofelia: It's 'Loro legg-ono' (PAUSE) ‘Loro legg-ono.' Here, you can use 'ono' for the second group, very similar to 'Ano' for the first group. |
| Betsey: Okay, then, let's take a look at the third group, which ends with 'IRE.' Let's go over the differences in that group. How do you say "He sleeps" or "She sleeps," |
| Ofelia: It's 'Lui dorm-e or Lei dorm-e' (PAUSE) 'Lui dorm-e' or 'Lei dorm-e' |
| Betsey: So it's the same as the second group. Then what about with the pronoun 'Voi?' |
| Ofelia: It's 'Voi dorm-ite' (PAUSE) ‘Voi dorm-ite.' You can use 'ite' for the verbs in the third group. For the pronoun 'Loro', you can use the same word 'ono' as you used for the second group. |
| Betsey: Make sure you check the lesson notes to reinforce everything you've learned in this lesson. |
Outro |
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| Betsey: OK. That's all for this lesson. Thanks for listening everyone, and see you next time! |
| Ofelia: A presto! |
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