Learn how to use if-clauses
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Cinzia: Hello everyone! I'm Cinzia, and welcome to ItalianPOD101. |
| Marco: With us, you'll learn to speak Italian with fun and effective lessons. |
| Cinzia: We also provide you with cultural insights |
| Marco: and tips you won't find in a textbook... |
| Marco: In this lesson we will learn about the condizionale passato (past conditional) in type III if-clauses. |
| Cinzia: This conversation takes place on the streets of Italy |
| Marco: And it is between Luca and Elena |
| Cinzia: They are friends, therefore they will be speaking informal Italian |
| Marco: Now, if you're listening on an iPod... |
| Cinzia: or an iTouch or iPhone... |
| Marco: click the center button of the iPod or tap the screen on an iTouch or iPhone, to see the notes for this lesson while you listen! |
| Cinzia: Read along, while you listen. |
| Marco: This technique will help you remember faster! Okay... |
| Marco: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Luca: Che ore sono? |
| Elena: È mezzogiorno e venti. |
| Luca: Se non fosse andata in bagno saremmo arrivati in tempo. |
| Elena: Non è stato per colpa della sosta, ma dell’incidente che ha rallentato il traffico. |
| Luca: Sì hai ragione, scusami. |
| Elena: Ora entriamo. |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Luca: Che ore sono? |
| Elena: È mezzogiorno e venti. |
| Luca: Se non fosse andata in bagno saremmo arrivati in tempo. |
| Elena: Non è stato per colpa della sosta, ma dell’incidente che ha rallentato il traffico. |
| Luca: Sì hai ragione, scusami. |
| Elena: Ora entriamo. |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Luca: Che ore sono? |
| Marco: What time is it? |
| Elena: È mezzogiorno e venti. |
| Marco: It’s twenty past noon. |
| Luca: Se non fosse andata in bagno saremmo arrivati in tempo. |
| Marco: If she hadn’t gone to the bathroom, we would have arrived on time. |
| Elena: Non è stato per colpa della sosta, ma dell’incidente che ha rallentato il traffico. |
| Marco: It wasn’t because of the stopover, but the accident that slowed down the traffic. |
| Luca: Sì hai ragione, scusami. |
| Marco: Yes, you are right, sorry. |
| Elena: Ora entriamo. |
| Marco: Let’s go in now. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Cinzia: Have you ever been in a road accident? |
| Marco: Actually I have, twice. |
| Cinzia: Really, what happened. |
| Marco: The first time I was in a car and we got bumped in the rear while stopping at a traffic light. |
| Cinzia: So just a slight bump, nothing serious? |
| Marco: Exactly. |
| Cinzia: And the second time? |
| Marco: While riding my motorbike I slid on a very slippery road, but I stopped after a few meters and no injury, thankfully. What about you? |
| Cinzia: … |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Marco: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is: |
| Cinzia: mezzogiorno [natural native speed] |
| Marco: noon, midday |
| Cinzia: mezzogiorno [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cinzia: mezzogiorno [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cinzia: colpa [natural native speed] |
| Marco: fault, blame, guilt, sin |
| Cinzia: colpa [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cinzia: colpa [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cinzia: sosta [natural native speed] |
| Marco: stop, break, stop-off, stopover |
| Cinzia: sosta [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cinzia: sosta [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cinzia: incidente [natural native speed] |
| Marco: accident, incident |
| Cinzia: incidente [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cinzia: incidente [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cinzia: rallentare [natural native speed] |
| Marco: to slow down, decelerate |
| Cinzia: rallentare [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cinzia: rallentare [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cinzia: avere ragione [natural native speed] |
| Marco: to be right |
| Cinzia: avere ragione [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cinzia: avere ragione [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Marco: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Cinzia: mezzogiorno |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is? |
| Cinzia: Ci vediamo a mezzogiorno. |
| Marco: I’ll see you at noon. |
| Cinzia: colpa |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is? |
| Cinzia: Non è colpa mia. |
| Marco: It’s not my fault. |
| Cinzia: sosta |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is? |
| Cinzia: Facciamo una sosta? |
| Marco: Shall we do a stopover? |
| Cinzia: incidente |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is? |
| Cinzia: C’è stato in incidente. |
| Marco: There’s been an accident. |
| Cinzia: rallentare |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is? |
| Cinzia: Rallenta, stai andando troppo veloce. |
| Marco: Slow down, you are going too fast. |
| Cinzia: avere ragione |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is? |
| Cinzia: Hai ragione! |
| Marco: You are right! |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Cinzia: The condizionale passato |
| Marco: past conditional |
| Cinzia: is the compound form of the conditional mood and compared to the present conditional, it is used in a more limited way. |
| Marco: In type III if-clauses, the past conditional is employed in the main clause to express past occurrences that did not take place. And the reason for them not taking place is because the requirement contained in the subordinate clause had not been met. For instance |
| Cinzia: Se avesse prestato attenzione ai miei consigli, Luca non avrebbe perso il portafoglio. |
| Marco: If he had paid attention to my advices, Luca wouldn't have lost his wallet. |
| Cinzia: Se Lucia non avesse perso il treno, avrebbe potuto essere qui con noi. |
| Marco: If Lucia hadn't missed the train, she could have been here with us. |
| Cinzia: Se fosse stato più determinato, Antonio sarebbe riuscito a completare il lavoro. |
| Marco: If he had been more resolute, Antonio would have been able to finish the job. |
| Marco: As explained in previous lessons, the subordinate clause may be introduced by different prepositions, not just by se (if). For example |
| Cinzia: Con un po' di pazienza, avremmo potuto trovare i biglietti per il concerto. |
| Marco: (lit.)With a bit of patience, we could have found the tickets for the concert. |
| meaning |
| Cinzia: Se avessimo avuto un po' di pazienza, avremmo potuto trovare i biglietti per il concerto. |
| Marco: If we had been more patient, we could have found the tickets for the concert. |
| Cinzia: Avendo una macchina più veloce, saremmo arrivati prima. |
| Marco: (lit.) Having a faster car, we would have arrived earlier. |
| meaning |
| Cinzia: Se avessimo avuto una macchina più veloce, saremmo arrivati prima. |
| Marco: If we had had a faster car, we would have arrived earlier. |
| Cinzia: For more information on the different forms if-clauses can take, please refer to the appropriate lesson and grammar bank. |
Outro |
| Marco: That just about does it for today. |
| Marco: Before we go, we want to tell you about a way to drastically improve your pronunciation. |
| Cinzia: The voice recording tool... |
| Marco: Yes, the voice recording tool in the premium learning center... |
| Cinzia: Record your voice with a click of a button, |
| Marco: and then play it back just as easily. |
| Cinzia: So you record your voice, and then listen to it. |
| Marco: Compare it to the native speakers... |
| Cinzia: And adjust your pronunciation! |
| Marco: This will help you improve your pronunciation fast! |
| Marco: Ciao! |
| Cinzia: Ciao, ciao! |
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