Learn about passato prossimo tense of reflexive verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Marco: Marco here! Beginner series Season 1, Lesson 27 - What Will You See When You Go to Italy? |
| Cinzia: I’m Cinzia and we’d like to welcome you to the 27th lesson of the beginner series in ItalianPod101.com. |
| Marco: Thank you for joining us in ItalianPod101.com. We’re going to teach Italian in a fun and interesting way. |
| Cinzia: So, stay tuned! |
| Marco: So Cinzia, what are we talking about in today’s lesson? |
| Cinzia: Oh, today, we will see Anna who just came back home after a Saturday evening, watching a soccer match with Peter. |
| Marco: So, with who is she talking to? |
| Cinzia: She’s talking to her friend, Elena, of course, and she’s telling her about the time she had with Peter. |
| Marco: Oh! So, it’s a chitty chat between two girls, two Italian girls! |
| Cinzia: Exactly. Esattamente una conversazione tra ragazze. |
| Marco: Exactly, a conversation between girls. |
| Cinzia: I think I have to do two voices today? |
| Marco: Yes. Give it all you’ve got, Cinzia. You can do it! |
| Cinzia: Okay. Today is my turn then. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Anna: Hai visto? |
| Elena: Cosa? |
| Anna: Peter si è offeso subito quando gli ho chiesto di suo fratello! |
| Elena: Sì, è geloso! Comunque, suo fratello è davvero carino! |
| Anna: Ha, ha, ha! Allora sei d'accordo con me! |
| Marco: Let's hear it slowly now. |
| Cinzia: Ascoltiamolo lentamente. |
| Anna: Hai visto? |
| Elena: Cosa? |
| Anna: Peter si è offeso subito quando gli ho chiesto di suo fratello! |
| Elena: Sì, è geloso! Comunque, suo fratello è davvero carino! |
| Anna: Ha, ha, ha! Allora sei d'accordo con me! |
| Marco: And now, with the translation. |
| Cinzia: E ora, con la traduzione. |
| Anna: Hai visto? |
| Anna: Did you see? |
| Elena: Cosa? |
| Elena: What? |
| Anna: Peter si è offeso subito quando gli ho chiesto di suo fratello! |
| Anna: Peter got offended as soon as I asked him about his brother! |
| Elena: Sì, è geloso! Comunque, suo fratello è davvero carino! |
| Elena: Yes, he is jealous! Anyway, his brother is really cute. |
| Anna: Ha, ha, ha! Allora sei d'accordo con me! |
| Anna: Ha ha ha! So you agree with me! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Marco: Good, Cinzia. That was not so tough, but good anyway. |
| Cinzia: Ah, thank you, but it’s too hot today. I want… |
| Marco: Wait, wait, wait, not picnic with squirrels? |
| Cinzia: Picnic with squirrels? Now, with this heat? |
| Marco: Yes. |
| Cinzia: No way. |
| Marco: Okay. So, what do we do now then? |
| Cinzia: We should take a look at the vocabulary? |
| Marco: Yes. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Marco: So, the first word is… |
| Cinzia: vedere [natural native speed] |
| Marco: to look, to watch, to see |
| Cinzia: vedere [slowly - broken down by syllable] vedere [natural native speed] |
| Marco: Next word… |
| Cinzia: cosa [natural native speed] |
| Marco: what |
| Cinzia: cosa [slowly - broken down by syllable] cosa [natural native speed] |
| Marco: Next word… |
| Cinzia: offendersi [natural native speed] |
| Marco: to get offended |
| Cinzia: offendersi [slowly - broken down by syllable] offendersi [natural native speed] |
| Marco: Next word… |
| Cinzia: subito [natural native speed] |
| Marco: immediately, right away, straight away |
| Cinzia: subito [slowly - broken down by syllable] subito [natural native speed] |
| Marco: Next word… |
| Cinzia: geloso [natural native speed] |
| Marco: jealous |
| Cinzia: geloso [slowly - broken down by syllable] geloso [natural native speed] |
| Marco: Next word… |
| Cinzia: carino [natural native speed] |
| Marco: cute |
| Cinzia: carino [slowly - broken down by syllable] carino [natural native speed] |
| Marco: Next word… |
| Cinzia: essere d'accordo [natural native speed] |
| Marco: to agree |
| Cinzia: essere d'accordo [slowly - broken down by syllable] essere d'accordo [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Cinzia: Now, let’s take a look at the usage for some of the words and expressions. |
| Marco: The first word we’re gonna look at is… |
| Cinzia: vedere |
| Marco: So, the first sample sentence is… |
| Cinzia: Hai visto il mio cellulare? |
| Marco: "Have you seen my cell phone?" |
| Cinzia: The next word we will look at is the verb offendersi. |
| Marco: And the example sentence is… |
| Cinzia: Marina si è offesa. |
| Marco: "Marina got offended." Now, talking about these reflexive verbs, we saw a lesson last week, didn’t we, about this? |
| Cinzia: Oh yes. We studied in the beginner lesson no. 26. |
| Marco: So, if you don't know what they are, please take a look at the previous lesson. What is the next word we’re gonna take a look at? |
| Cinzia: subito |
| Marco: And the example sentence is… |
| Cinzia: Torna subito a casa! |
| Marco: "Come back home immediately!" So, this could be said maybe from a mother to a child, right? |
| Cinzia: Mm, yes, or from a girlfriend to a boyfriend. |
| Marco: Or from a boyfriend to a girlfriend. |
| Cinzia: Yes, true. |
| Marco: I mean, today’s day and age, things can happen in every situation. |
| Cinzia: Torna subito a casa, sciagurata! |
| Marco: Okay. What’s sciagurata? Now, that’s difficult. |
| Cinzia: Sciagurata means “reckless.” |
| Marco: So a reckless person. In this case, sciagurata or sciagurato, what did you just say? |
| Cinzia: I said something that my dad used to tell me. |
| Marco: Sciagurata meaning “reckless girl.” |
| Cinzia: Yes. |
| Marco: Ah… And what is the next word we’re gonna take a look at? |
| Cinzia: geloso |
| Marco: And the example sentence is… |
| Cinzia: Maybe this time, you can say the example. |
| Marco: Okay. Sono geloso di te. |
| Cinzia: Really? Why? |
| Marco: No, no, no. It’s just an example sentence. What does the phrase mean? |
| Cinzia: "I am jealous of you." |
| Marco: Maybe because you have so much free time. |
| Cinzia: I have free time? |
| Marco: Yes. |
| Cinzia: When? |
| Marco: I am chained to my desk. |
| Cinzia: In my dreams. |
| Marco: While you have dreams, I’m chained to my desk 24 hours a day. |
| Cinzia: Twenty-four? You don’t sleep? You don’t eat? You don't…okay. Let’s take a look at the next word which is carino. |
| Marco: Okay. And the example sentence is… |
| Cinzia: Il tuo gatto è così carino! |
| Marco: "Your cat is so cute!" |
| Cinzia: And lastly, we have an expression - essere d'accordo. |
| Marco: And the example sentence is… |
| Cinzia: Non sono d'accordo con te. |
| Marco: “I do not agree with you.” |
| Cinzia: After essere d'accordo, we always use con. |
| Marco: Just as in English, we would use to agree (with) someone. |
| Cinzia: Yes. You can agree with someone or with something also, sono d’accordo con te oer sono d’accordo con questa cosa. |
| Marco: Okay then. Now, let’s take a look at today’s grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Cinzia: In today’s grammar, we will review the passato prossimo of the reflexive verbs which require the verb essere "to be" as their auxiliary. |
| Marco: And since the passato prossimo is a compound tense, the auxiliary essere needs to be conjugated at the simple present form and then followed by the past participle of the main verb. |
| Cinzia: In fact, as you know, my dear listeners, in the passato prossimo of verbs that require the auxiliary verb avere "to have," the past participle never changes. |
| Marco: For example, Cinzia? |
| Cinzia: Hai visto? |
| Marco: “Have you seen?” |
| Cinzia: Abbiamo visto un film. |
| Marco: "We have seen a movie." |
| Cinzia: Instead, with the verb essere "to be," the past participle changes in order to agree in number and gender with the subject. |
| Marco: And if you remember, In the dialogue, we had - Peter si è offeso "Peter got offended." Cinzia: And if we had a plural case… |
| Marco: For example… |
| Cinzia: Anna e Elena si sono offese. |
| Marco: "Anna and Elena got offended." |
| Cinzia: So, as you can see, the past participle changed in order to agree in number and gender. |
| Marco: Now, Cinzia, when do we use the auxiliary erese to construct the passato prossimo. |
| Cinzia: First of all, we use it with intransitive verbs, so that express motion. |
| Marco: For example… |
| Cinzia: andare |
| Marco: “to go” |
| Cinzia: venire |
| Marco: “to come” |
| Cinzia: Verbs that express state. |
| Marco: For example… |
| Cinzia: stare, rimanere |
| Marco: “to stay” |
| Cinzia: And verbs that express a change of state. |
| Marco: Like… |
| Cinzia: diventare |
| Marco: “to become” |
| Cinzia: And “cambiare.” |
| Marco: “To change.” Well, in this first point, first of all, anything that means something is changing something is moving, right? |
| Cinzia: Yes. |
| Marco: And in the second case where we use the auxiliary verb to construct passato prossimo is when we have reflexive verbs. |
| Cinzia: Yes, which is actually our case. |
| Marco: For example, with the verb offendersi. |
| Cinzia: “to get offended” |
| Marco: lavarsi |
| Cinzia: “to wash oneself” |
| Marco: To better explain this, let’s take a look at the following verbs. First of all, we have a reflexive verb that is… |
| Cinzia: offendersi |
| Marco: And now, let’s hear the conjugation. |
| Cinzia: Io mi sono offeso, tu ti sei offeso, lui si è offeso, lei si è offesa, noi ci siamo offesi, voi vi siete offesi, loro si sono offesi. |
| Marco: Instead, in the case of a motion verb, here, we have the verb… |
| Cinzia: andare. |
| Marco: And the conjugation would be io sono andato, tu sei andato, lui è andato, lei è andata, noi siamo andati, voi siete andati, loro sono andati. |
| Cinzia: Thank you, Marco. Please remember, when conjugating the passato prossimo of reflexive verbs, you have to match the past participle to gender and number. |
Outro |
| Marco: Excellent Cinzia, ci vediamo presto! |
| Cinzia: Sì, a presto. Ciao e grazie! |
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