Learn how to form the present perfect tense of two of the most important Italian verbs: the verbs that mean "to be" and "to have"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Consuelo: Ciao |
| Marco: Marco here. Absolute Beginner Session 1, Lesson 20 – I Haven’t Struck Yet in Italian. Hello and welcome back to ItalianPod101.com, the fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Italian. I’m joined in the study by… |
| Consuelo: Hello, everyone. Consuelo here. |
| Marco: In today’s class, we will focus on the passato prossimo tense of essere and avere verbs. |
| Consuelo: This conversation takes place at the bar. |
| Marco: It’s been Alessio and Melissa. |
| Consuelo: The speakers are friends. Therefore, they will be speaking informally. |
| Marco: Let’s listen to their conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Melissa: Alessio, grazie per il consiglio, questo spritz è molto buono. |
| Alessio: Ah, prego. Melissa, ieri non sei venuta a lavoro, va tutto bene? |
| Melissa: Sì, sono stata malata, ma niente di grave. |
| Alessio: Senti, perché non facciamo un giro in macchina domenica? |
| Melissa: Ah, domenica? Dove andiamo? |
| Alessio: Andiamo a Siena! |
| Melissa: A Siena?! Non ho mai avuto occasione di andarci! |
| Alessio: Perfetto! |
| Marco: Let’s hear it slowly now. |
| Melissa: Alessio, grazie per il consiglio, questo spritz è molto buono. |
| Alessio: Ah, prego. Melissa, ieri non sei venuta a lavoro, va tutto bene? |
| Melissa: Sì, sono stata malata, ma niente di grave. |
| Alessio: Senti, perché non facciamo un giro in macchina domenica? |
| Melissa: Ah, domenica? Dove andiamo? |
| Alessio: Andiamo a Siena! |
| Melissa: A Siena?! Non ho mai avuto occasione di andarci! |
| Alessio: Perfetto! |
| Marco: And now with the translation. |
| Melissa Alessio, grazie per il consiglio, questo spritz è molto buono. |
| Marco Alessio, thank you for the advice, this spritz is very good. |
| Alessio Ah, prego. Melissa, ieri non sei venuta a lavoro, va tutto bene? |
| Marco Ah, you're welcome. Melissa, yesterday you didn't come to work. Is everything all right? |
| Melissa Sì, sono stata malata, ma niente di grave. |
| Marco Yes, I've been sick, but nothing serious. |
| Alessio Senti, perché non facciamo un giro in macchina domenica? |
| Marco Listen, why don't we go for a drive on Sunday? |
| Melissa Ah, domenica? Dove andiamo? |
| Marco Ah, Sunday? Where do we go? |
| Alessio Andiamo a Siena! |
| Marco Let's go to Siena! |
| Melissa A Siena?! Non ho mai avuto occasione di andarci! |
| Marco To Siena?! I've never had the chance to go there! |
| Alessio Perfetto! |
| Marco Perfect! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Marco: Siena is not far from Florence, right? |
| Consuelo: Siena is only seventy-five kilometers from Florence. |
| Marco: Kilometers? How many miles…? |
| Consuelo: Miles? We don't use them in Italy! This is an Italian podcast, let's do it the Italian way! |
| Marco: Okay, okay. Sorry… |
| Consuelo: I was saying that Siena is not far from Florence, roughly one hour by car. |
| Marco: I've heard the landscape is beautiful there! |
| Consuelo: Oh that's true! It's so romantic… |
| Marco: Romantic? With whom did you go there? |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Marco: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is… |
| Consuelo consiglio [natural native speed] |
| Marco advice |
| Consuelo consiglio [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Consuelo consiglio [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Consuelo malato [natural native speed] |
| Marco sick, ill |
| Consuelo malato [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Consuelo malato [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Consuelo grave [natural native speed] |
| Marco serious, hard, heavy, harsh |
| Consuelo grave [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Consuelo grave [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Consuelo macchina [natural native speed] |
| Marco car |
| Consuelo macchina [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Consuelo macchina [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Consuelo occasione [natural native speed] |
| Marco chance, occasion |
| Consuelo occasione [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Consuelo occasione [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Consuelo perfetto [natural native speed] |
| Marco perfect |
| Consuelo perfetto [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Consuelo perfetto [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Marco: Consuelo, what expression are we studying today? |
| Consuelo: The Italian expression "fare un giro in macchina." |
| Marco: "To go for a drive." |
| Consuelo: "Macchina" is... |
| Marco: "Car!" |
| Consuelo: ...and "giro" is... |
| Marco: Wait a minute, "giro" is... |
| Consuelo: "Giro" literally means "round," but when it's associated with "car" or "bicycle," it means "a drive" or "a ride." |
| Marco: For example? |
| Consuelo: "Un giro in bicicletta." |
| Marco: Ah, "bicicletta" is "bicycle." "A ride!" |
| Consuelo: In Italian, we use the verb "fare." |
| Marco: "To do." |
| Consuelo: Whereas in English, we use the verb "andare." |
| Marco: "To go." Alessio in the dialogue says... |
| Consuelo: He says, "perché non facciamo un giro in macchina." |
| Marco: "Facciamo" referring to "noi," am I right? |
| Consuelo: Oh yes, you're right! |
Lesson focus |
| Consuelo: Let's take a look at today's grammar point. |
| Marco: In today's lesson, we focus on the "passato prossimo" tense of the verb… |
| Consuelo: "essere" |
| Marco: "to be" |
| Consuelo: And "avere" |
| Marco: "to have." |
| Consuelo: How can we make the "passato prossimo" tense of a verb? |
| Marco: It's easy to remember. Let's say it again! |
| Consuelo: First, conjugate the auxiliary verb "essere" or "avere" in the present indicative… |
| Marco: And then please add the past participle of the main verb. |
| Consuelo: In today's class, the main verbs are the same "essere" and "avere." |
| Marco: What should we do? |
| Consuelo: Don't worry, Marco, the structure we've already explained does not change. |
| Marco: The verb "essere" always requires the auxiliary "essere" in the present indicative. |
| Consuelo: And its past participle is "stato." Why don't we see the full conjugation? |
| Marco: Good idea! |
| Consuelo: "Io sono stato/a." |
| Marco: "I have been" or "I was." |
| Consuelo: "Tu sei stato/a." |
| Marco: "You have been" or "you were." |
| Consuelo: "Lui/lei è stato/a." |
| Marco: "He/she/it has been" or "he/she/it was." |
| Consuelo: "Noi siamo stati/e." |
| Marco: "We have been" or "we were." |
| Consuelo: "Voi siete stati/e." |
| Marco: "You have been" or "you were." |
| Consuelo: "Loro sono stati/e." |
| Marco: "They have been" or "they were." |
| Consuelo: As you saw, the past participle "stato" has four different endings according to the gender and number of the subject. |
| Marco: Let's continue with "avere." How do you conjugate it in the "passato prossimo" tense? |
| Consuelo: It is easy. The "passato prossimo" of "avere" is formed by the present indicative of the verb "avere" and its past participle "avuto." |
| Marco: Do the endings change? |
| Consuelo: No, they don't. This is the rule. The past participle of all the verbs requiring the auxiliary "avere" never changes. |
| Marco: Let's now see the conjugation of the verb "avere." |
| Consuelo: "Io ho avuto." |
| Marco: "I have had" or "I had." |
| Consuelo: "Tu hai avuto." |
| Marco: "You have had" or "you had." |
| Consuelo: "Lui/lei ha avuto." |
| Marco: "He/she/it has had" or "he/she/it had." |
| Consuelo: "Noi abbiamo avuto." |
| Marco: "We have had" or "we had." |
| Consuelo: "Voi avete avuto." |
| Marco: "You have had" or "you had." |
| Consuelo: "Loro hanno avuto." |
| Marco: "They have had" or "they had." That’s just about Italian for today. Testing yourself is one of the most effective ways to learn. |
| Consuelo: That’s why we have three types of quizzes. |
| Marco: Vocabulary, grammar, and content specific. |
| Consuelo: Each quiz targets a specific skill. |
| Marco: And together, these quizzes will help you master several fundamental skills. |
| Consuelo: You can find them in the learning center at… |
| Marco: ItalianPod101.com. |
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