Lesson Transcript

Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready?
Paolo (pause with a tap of the finger) studiando in camera sua.
Paolo (pause with a tap of the finger) studiando in camera sua.
Sta
Sta
Paolo sta studiando in camera sua.
Paolo sta studiando in camera sua.
"Paolo is studying in his room."
We choose sta because the subject Paolo is singular "he," and sta is the 3rd-person singular of stare.
Note that sua agrees with camera (feminine singular), not the person's gender, and studiando is the gerund showing the action is in progress.
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready?
Dove (pause with a tap of the finger) giocando Asia e le sue amiche?
Dove (pause with a tap of the finger) giocando Asia e le sue amiche?
stanno
stanno
Dove stanno giocando Asia e le sue amiche?
Dove stanno giocando Asia e le sue amiche?
"Where are Asia and her friends playing?"
We choose stanno because the subject Asia e le sue amiche is plural "they," and stanno is the 3rd-person plural of stare. It combines with the gerund giocando to show the action in progress. Sta 3rd-person singular and sto 1st-person singular would be correct only with singular subjects.
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready?
Io (pause with a tap of the finger) leggendo un libro interessante.
Io (pause with a tap of the finger) leggendo un libro interessante.
sto
sto
Io sto leggendo un libro interessante.
Io sto leggendo un libro interessante.
"I'm reading an interesting book."
We choose sto because the subject is Io "I" and sto is the 1st-person singular of stare; the pattern is stare + gerundio, so sto + leggendo expresses an action in progress. Sta is 3rd-person singular lui/lei and stanno is 3rd-person plural loro, so they don't match Io.
Unscramble the words to make a sentence.
Ready?
Stanno
Stanno giocando
Stanno giocando al
Stanno giocando al parco.
"They are playing at the park."
Stanno giocando al parco.
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready?
Stai (guardendo or guardando) un film italiano?
Stai (guardendo or guardando) un film italiano?
guardando
guardando
Stai guardando un film italiano?
"Are you watching an Italian movie?"
Guardando is used here because it's the gerund form of the verb guardare "to watch." To form the gerund of verbs ending in -are, you replace -are with -ando. So, guardare becomes guardando.
Guardendo is incorrect because it doesn't follow any Italian gerund formation rules—it's not a valid word in Italian.
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready?
I bambini stanno (dormando or dormendo) adesso.
I bambini stanno (dormando or dormendo) adesso.
dormendo
dormendo
I bambini stanno dormendo adesso.
"The children are sleeping now."
Dormendo is correct because it's the gerund form of dormire (to sleep). For verbs ending in -ire, the gerund is made by replacing -ire with -endo. So, dormire becomes dormendo.
Dormando is incorrect because verbs ending in -ire do not take the -ando ending—that's only for -are verbs.
Let's translate some sentences into Italian.
Translate "We are studying for tomorrow's exam." into Italian.
Noi, the subject pronoun, meaning "we,"
followed by
stiamo, the present tense of stare for noi, meaning "we are,"
next
studiando, the gerund form of studiare, meaning "studying,"
followed by
per, a preposition meaning "for,"
next
l'esame di domani, meaning "tomorrow's exam."
Italian often drops subject pronouns because the verb ending shows the person; here, stiamo already means "we," so Noi is optional and mainly used for emphasis or contrast.
Noi stiamo studiando per l'esame di domani.
or Stiamo studiando per l'esame di domani.
Noi stiamo studiando per l'esame di domani.
"We are studying for tomorrow's exam."
Translate "Luca is listening to music in the living room." into Italian.
Luca, the subject, a proper name,
followed by
sta, the present tense of stare for lui, meaning "he is,"
next
ascoltando, the gerund form of ascoltare, meaning "listening,"
followed by
la musica, meaning "the music,"
next
in salotto, meaning "in the living room."
Luca sta ascoltando la musica in salotto.
Luca sta ascoltando la musica in salotto.
"Luca is listening to music in the living room."
Translate "Marta and Giulia are preparing dinner." into Italian.
Marta e Giulia, the subject, meaning "Marta and Giulia,"
followed by
stanno, the present tense of stare for loro, meaning "they are,"
next
preparando, the gerund form of preparare, meaning "preparing,"
followed by
la cena, meaning "the dinner."
Marta e Giulia stanno preparando la cena.
Marta e Giulia stanno preparando la cena.
"Marta and Giulia are preparing dinner."
Listen to me as I speak. Which form of stare is used in the sentences?
Paolo sta studiando in camera sua.
Let's listen one more time.
Paolo sta studiando in camera sua.
Did you hear, sta?
Sta is the third person singular form of the verb stare.
How about...?
Stanno giocando al parco.
Let's listen one more time.
Stanno giocando al parco.
Did you hear, stanno?
Stanno is the third person plural form of stare. So this sentence means "They are playing at the park."
Next…
Stai guardando un film italiano?
One more time.
Stai guardando un film italiano?
Did you hear, stai?
Stai is the second person singular form of stare. So this sentence means "Are you watching an Italian movie?"
And...
Noi stiamo studiando per l'esame di domani.
One more time.
Noi stiamo studiando per l'esame di domani.
Did you hear, stiamo?
Stiamo is the first person plural form of stare. So this sentence means "We are studying for tomorrow's exam."
Thank you for watching.
Now you know how to talk about what someone is doing in Italian.
...and now you can move on to the next lesson in the pathway.
A presto!

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