| Hello everyone, welcome back to ItalianPod101.com. |
| My name is Desy. |
| Mi chiamo Desy. |
| And in this video, we're going to talk about personal pronouns. |
| I pronomi personali. |
| Of course, there are the subject pronouns which are the ones that you probably already know. |
| So the ones used to conjugate the verbs. |
| For example, io sono, io hai, tu, you, lui, he, lei, she, noi, we, voi, you all and loro or essi, they. |
| So io sono, tu sei, lui or lei è, noi siamo, voi siete, loro sono, for example. |
| And those are the subject pronouns. |
| They're not always explicit, meaning that they're not always said or written. |
| Because in Italia, depending on the form of the verb, you already know who we're talking about or who is doing the action. |
| For example, if I say sono stanca, you know that it's me who is tired. |
| Because if I say sei stanco, then it's you. |
| But I don't have to say io sono stanca in order for you to understand that I'm talking about me. |
| As much as I don't have to say tu when I say sei stanco, because sei only refers to tu. |
| So they don't always have to be said, right? |
| But when we talk about object pronouns, those need to be specified. |
| Also because they already are there to specify what we're talking about. |
| In fact, object pronouns have two groups, direct ones and undirect ones. |
| So object pronouns both replace an object, right? |
| The difference is that direct object pronouns answer the question what, who, |
| while indirect ones answer the question to what, to whom. |
| Let's dive into examples in order to clarify. |
| For direct object pronouns, io becomes me. |
| So for example, chiamami, call me. |
| In this case, when the pronoun comes after the verb, they become one thing only. |
| So one word, chiamami, call me. |
| Chiamacall, me, me in English as well, chiamami. |
| So io becomes me, because it answers the question, call who me, chiamami. |
| ti saluta mia mamma, my mother greets you, ti saluta mia mamma |
| So my mom, subject, mia mamma, saluta, greets, who, you, ti. |
| Tu becomes ti, ti saluta mia mamma. |
| è finita la pasta, we ran out of pasta, è finita la pasta, or la pasta è finita. |
| And then I say, okay, la compro io, la compro io. |
| So io compro, I buy, what, la pasta, la compro io. |
| In order not to repeat la pasta, I just say la, la compro io. |
| Because lei becomes la, lei becomes la, and lui becomes lo. |
| Be careful because when I say lui and lei, like in this example, |
| I'm not only talking about person, but also objects. |
| I nostri amici ci hanno invitato. |
| I nostri amici, subject, our friends, hanno invitato, invited, who, us, ci. |
| I nostri amici ci hanno invitato. |
| So noi becomes ci. |
| Noi vi abbiamo avvisato. |
| Noi, we, abbiamo avvisato, told, avvisare is basically to tell. |
| Noi abbiamo avvisato, voi, so you, but we just say noi vi abbiamo avvisato. |
| Vi answers the question who, so who did we tell that to, which in Italian doesn't have |
| the to before, that's why it's still direct. |
| Noi vi abbiamo avvisato. |
| So voi becomes we, while loro, depending if I'm referring to a female group or a male |
| group, if it's a female one, it's le, if it's a male group, it's li. |
| Li ho incontrati per caso al supermercato. |
| Io ho incontrato, who, them, li ho incontrati al supermercato. |
| I met them by chance, per caso, at the supermarket, al supermercato. |
| For example, the friends we were talking about before. |
| Li ho incontrati al supermercato. |
| I met them at the supermarket. |
| While, if I'm talking about le, hai comprato le mele? |
| Did you buy apples? |
| Si, le ho comprate al mercato. |
| Yes, le ho comprate al mercato. |
| Si, I bought them at the market. |
| Le ho comprate al mercato. |
| Position-wise, pronouns come before the verb, li ho comprati, for example, but not always. |
| As I showed before, sometimes it becomes all together, so one word with the verb, and that's |
| when we're using the imperative form. |
| Chiamami. |
| You call me, chiama, who, me, chiama, me. |
| Now it's time to check the indirect pronouns, indirect object pronouns. |
| They are kind of similar to the direct ones, just some of them change, so let's see them |
| together. |
| These ones answer the question, to whom or to what? |
| Il mio ragazzo mi ha regalato un orologio. |
| My boyfriend mi ha regalato, gifted, gave a present, to whom, to me, mi ha regalato un |
| orologio, a watch. |
| My boyfriend gifted me a watch. |
| My boyfriend gave me a watch. |
| Mi ha regalato, to whom, a me, that becomes me. |
| A me becomes me. |
| Just like a te, becomes ti. |
| Vorrei parlarti. |
| I'd like to talk to you. |
| Vorrei parlare a te. |
| Vorrei parlarti. |
| Lui, a lui, is gli, while lei, so a lei, is le. |
| Gli ho detto io di fare così. |
| It's me who told him to do so. |
| Gli ho detto io. |
| I told whom, to whom in Italian, a chi, a lui. |
| Gli ho detto io di fare così, to do so. |
| Same goes for her. |
| Le ho detto io di fare così. |
| È arrivata una strana lettera. |
| So a weird letter came in. |
| È arrivata una strana lettera. |
| To whom? |
| To us. |
| Ci è arrivata una strana lettera. |
| Vorremmo farvi visita domenica. |
| Vorremmo, we'd like to, pay a visit to you. |
| Farvi visita domenica, on Sunday. |
| Fare a voi. |
| To pay a visit to you all. |
| Farvi. |
| So voi becomes vi. |
| Vorremmo farvi visita domenica. |
| Loro, so when we say, for example, I bought them. |
| Ho comprato loro some flowers, dei fiori. |
| Ho comprato loro is what you should say in written Italian. |
| But when speaking, you can also say gli ho comprato. |
| Even though gli is for the singular form, recently, |
| and by recently I mean in the past decades, |
| we use gli in spoken language as well. |
| So those are all the pronouns that you need to know |
| in order to use subject and object ones, |
| and not only object but also direct and indirect ones, |
| which as we saw together are pretty similar. |
| The only one that actually changes is the third person singular. |
| So lo or la when it's direct becomes gli or le when it's indirect. |
| Also my final tip. |
| In the beginning I said that you don't have to say the subject |
| when you're talking because you know who is doing the action, |
| depending on the verb, right? |
| The only time when you need to do that is when the subject changes. |
| So don't leave it ambiguous. |
| Say the subject when it's changing inside the phrase, |
| or inside the story that you're telling, |
| because otherwise people may be confused. |
| So if I say io sono stanco and then I'm talking about you, |
| don't just say say, but add to, |
| even though we're supposed to assume that from the verb and the context. |
| As I know this may be a hard topic, |
| I advise you to click the link in the description, |
| download our PDF lessons, |
| and learn Italian in the fastest, most fun and easiest way possible. |
| And if you haven't done it yet, |
| you can sign up for your free lifetime account on ItalianPod101.com. |
| Thank you for watching. |
| I'll see you soon. |
| Bye bye. |
| Ciao ciao. |
| Take your very first lesson with us. |
| You'll start speaking in minutes and master real conversations. |
| Sign up for your free lifetime account. |
| Just click the link in the description. |
Comments
Hide