Learn about tense agreement between the main and subordinate clause, also known as the conjunctive mood,
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| INTRODUCTION |
| None (manual write in): |
| Jason: Ciao! Welcome back to ItalianPod101.com. I'm Jason. |
| Cristina: Cristina here! |
| Jason: This is Intermediate season 1, Lesson 23 – Make Sure you see a Soccer Game in Italy! In this lesson you'll learn about the tense agreement between the main clause and the subordinate clause (conjunctive mood). Such as… |
| Cristina: Non pensavo ti interessassi di calcio. |
| Jason: "I didn’t know you were interested in soccer." This conversation takes place at work. |
| Cristina: Wendy e Simone parlano insieme. |
| Jason: The conversation is between Wendy and Simone. The speakers are co-workers, so they'll be speaking in informal language. |
| Cristina: Ascoltiamo |
| Jason: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Simone: Che leggi? Non pensavo ti interessassi di calcio. |
| Wendy: Beh, un po’. Ho seguito il campionato italiano di serie A lo scorso anno quando ero negli States. Mi facevo certe notti in bianco pur di guardare le partite. |
| Simone: Per che squadra tifi? |
| Wendy: In realtà non ho una squadra del cuore, ma credo che mi sia affezionata alla Roma. |
| Simone: Io invece sono milanese DOC e tengo all’Inter. Ma sei già stata allo stadio? |
| Wendy: Purtroppo no. Domenica la Roma viene in trasferta a Torino, ma credo che i biglietti siano già esauriti. |
| Simone: Possiamo fare un tentativo, ma temo che sia troppo tardi. Se non sbaglio però la Roma giocherà qui a San Siro tra 5 settimane. Perchè non ci andiamo insieme? |
| Wendy: Fantastico! |
| Simone: Cerco i biglietti per il secondo anello nella sezione arancione, va bene? |
| Wendy: Se non ti dispiace preferirei che andassimo nel primo anello, anche se i biglietti saranno più salati. |
| Simone: Non c’è problema. Anch’io vado allo stadio saltuariamente e tanto vale approfittare dell’occasione. Cerco subito i biglietti su internet altrimenti li prendiamo al botteghino allo stadio. |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Simone: Che leggi? Non pensavo ti interessassi di calcio. |
| Wendy: Beh, un po’. Ho seguito il campionato italiano di serie A lo scorso anno quando ero negli States. Mi facevo certe notti in bianco pur di guardare le partite. |
| Simone: Per che squadra tifi? |
| Wendy: In realtà non ho una squadra del cuore, ma credo che mi sia affezionata alla Roma. |
| Simone: Io invece sono milanese DOC e tengo all’Inter. Ma sei già stata allo stadio? |
| Wendy: Purtroppo no. Domenica la Roma viene in trasferta a Torino, ma credo che i biglietti siano già esauriti. |
| Simone: Possiamo fare un tentativo, ma temo che sia troppo tardi. Se non sbaglio però la Roma giocherà qui a San Siro tra 5 settimane. Perchè non ci andiamo insieme? |
| Wendy: Fantastico! |
| Simone: Cerco i biglietti per il secondo anello nella sezione arancione, va bene? |
| Wendy: Se non ti dispiace preferirei che andassimo nel primo anello, anche se i biglietti saranno più salati. |
| Simone: Non c’è problema. Anch’io vado allo stadio saltuariamente e tanto vale approfittare dell’occasione. Cerco subito i biglietti su internet altrimenti li prendiamo al botteghino allo stadio. |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Simone: Che leggi? Non pensavo ti interessassi di calcio. |
| Jason: What are you reading? I didn't know you were interested in soccer. |
| Wendy: Beh, un po’. Ho seguito il campionato italiano di serie A lo scorso anno quando ero negli States. Mi facevo certe notti in bianco pur di guardare le partite. |
| Jason: Well, I am a little. I followed the Italian Serie A championship last year while I was in the States. I had some sleepless nights watching the games. |
| Simone: Per che squadra tifi? |
| Jason: Which team are you a fan of? |
| Wendy: In realtà non ho una squadra del cuore, ma credo che mi sia affezionata alla Roma. |
| Jason: Actually, I don't have a favorite team, but I think I've come to like Roma the best. And you? |
| Simone: Io invece sono milanese DOC e tengo all’Inter. Ma sei già stata allo stadio? |
| Jason: I'm from Milan, and I support Inter Milan. Have you been to the stadium yet? |
| Wendy: Purtroppo no. Domenica la Roma viene in trasferta a Torino, ma credo che i biglietti siano già esauriti. |
| Jason: Unfortunately not. On Sunday Roma plays away in Turin, but I think the tickets are already sold out. |
| Simone: Possiamo fare un tentativo, ma temo che sia troppo tardi. Se non sbaglio però la Roma giocherà qui a San Siro tra 5 settimane. Perchè non ci andiamo insieme? |
| Jason: We could give it a try, but I'm afraid it might be too late. If I'm not wrong, though, Roma will play here in San Siro in five weeks. Why don't we go together? |
| Wendy: Fantastico! |
| Jason: Great! |
| Simone: Cerco i biglietti per il secondo anello nella sezione arancione, va bene? |
| Jason: I'm going to look for the tickets in the second ring of the orange section of the stadium; is that okay? |
| Wendy: Se non ti dispiace preferirei che andassimo nel primo anello, anche se i biglietti saranno più salati. |
| Jason: If you don't mind, I would rather go to the first ring, even if the tickets will be more expensive. |
| Simone: Non c’è problema. Anch’io vado allo stadio saltuariamente e tanto vale approfittare dell’occasione. Cerco subito i biglietti su internet altrimenti li prendiamo al botteghino allo stadio. |
| Jason: No problem. I also go occasionally to the stadium, so it's worth taking advantage of this opportunity. I'm going to look for the tickets online; otherwise, we can buy them at the stadium kiosk. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Cristina: In this lesson, we’ll talk about calcio! |
| Jason: Soccer, Italy’s national sport. |
| Cristina: Esatto. Kids start to play soccer when they're very young and every town has its own campo di calcio ("soccer pitch"). |
| Jason: I also heard that most Italians have their favorite team whether they go to the stadium every Sunday or occasionally watch a match on TV. |
| Cristina: Yes. So when travelling to Italy, whether you are a big fan of soccer or not, I would advise you to go to the stadium to watch a game. |
| Jason: Even if you don’t know much about the teams playing? |
| Cristina: Yes, I think it’s a thrilling experience anyway. |
| Jason: When is the best time to see a match? |
| Cristina: Calcio is played almost all year around but there are no games in June and July and seldom games in August. |
| Jason: And how do I get tickets, let’s say for a game of Serie A? |
| Cristina: You can either go to the stadium in advance or go to the team’s club outlets in the city. |
| Jason: Can I buy the tickets at the stadium on the day of the match? |
| Cristina: You can, but it might be difficult to get any. |
| Jason: I see. How about online? |
| Cristina: Sure. You can buy your ticket online on websites like TicketOne or ListTicket, although prices are sometimes higher than at the stadium kiosk. |
| Jason: Ok, keep that in mind, listeners. |
| Cristina: And don’t forget to bring your I.D. because your name must be printed on the ticket. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jason: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is: |
| Cristina: campionato [natural native speed] |
| Jason: championship |
| Cristina: campionato [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: campionato [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: notte in bianco [natural native speed] |
| Jason: sleepless night |
| Cristina: notte in bianco [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: notte in bianco [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: tifare [natural native speed] |
| Jason: to be a fan |
| Cristina: tifare [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: tifare [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: squadra del cuore [natural native speed] |
| Jason: favorite team |
| Cristina: squadra del cuore [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: squadra del cuore [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: doc [natural native speed] |
| Jason: authentic |
| Cristina: doc [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: doc [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: in trasferta [natural native speed] |
| Jason: away |
| Cristina: in trasferta [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: in trasferta [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: esaurito [natural native speed] |
| Jason: sold out, finished |
| Cristina: esaurito [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: esaurito [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: anello [natural native speed] |
| Jason: ring |
| Cristina: anello [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: anello [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: saltuariamente [natural native speed] |
| Jason: occasionally |
| Cristina: saltuariamente [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: saltuariamente [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Cristina: botteghino [natural native speed] |
| Jason: kiosk |
| Cristina: botteghino [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Cristina: botteghino [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Jason: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Jason: Let's take a closer look at the words and phrases from this lesson. The first one we'll look at is... |
| Cristina: TIFARE |
| Jason: TO BE A FAN |
| Cristina: Here's a sample sentence. Mio cugino tifa per l’Udinese da quando era piccolo. |
| Jason: "My cousin has been a fan of Udinese since he was young." |
| Cristina: The verb tifare ("to be a fan of" or "to cheer for") is always followed by the preposition per. |
| Jason: Are there other ways to express the same meaning? |
| Cristina: Yes,there are many – fare il tifo per, tenere a or essere un fan di. |
| Jason: Any example? |
| Cristina: Facciamo il tifo per la squadra di Sara stasera! |
| Jason: "Let’s cheer for Sara’s team tonight!" |
| Cristina: Another example is Sono un fan di Bocelli. |
| Jason: "I’m a fan of Bocelli." |
| Jason: What's the next one we'll look at? |
| Cristina: ESAURITO |
| Jason: SOLD OUT, FINISHED, FULL |
| Cristina: Here’s a sample sentence – La sua commedia fa il tutto esaurito ogni sera. |
| Jason: "There is a full house every night for his play." |
| Cristina: Esaurito has two meanings. First, it is a synonymous of finito (from finire) and it is often translated as "off" or "sold out" or "finished." It can refer to tickets or copies of a book or products. |
| Jason: An example? |
| Cristina: La prima edizione di questo libro è già esaurita. |
| Jason: "The first edition of this book is already sold out." |
| Cristina: Second, when referred to people, esaurito carries the meaning of "exhausted, worn-out." |
| Jason: For instance? |
| Cristina: Il Signor Bianchi è esaurito per il troppo lavoro. |
| Jason: "Mr. Bianchi is exhausted because of too much work." |
| Cristina: Esatto! |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Cristina: In this lesson, we’ll focus on the tense agreement between a main and a subordinate clause of the conjunctive mood or modo congiuntivo. |
| Jason: Let’s first review how many are the tenses in the congiuntivo. |
| Cristina: There are four tenses, presente, imperfetto, passato, trapassato. Jason |
| Cristina: Some verbs that express a personal opinion are credere, pensare, è importante, è necessario. They usually require the congiuntivo in the subordinate clause. |
| Jason: For example… |
| Cristina: Credevo che stessi dormendo. |
| Jason: "I thought you were sleeping." |
| Jason: Let’s now consider what the tense agreement is when the verb of the main clause is in the present, future or imperative tense of the indicative mood… |
| Cristina: The passato of the conjunctive mood is used in the subordinate clause |
| to express an action that happened before the one of the main clause. |
| Jason: For example? |
| Cristina: Penso che Giovanni sia già uscito da 10 minuti. |
| Jason: "I think that Giovanni already left about 10 minutes ago." |
| Cristina: Here is one more example, Credo che i biglietti siano già esauriti. |
| Jason: "I believe that the tickets are already sold out." |
| Jason: What if I want to describe two actions that happen at the same time? |
| Cristina: The verb is in the present tense both in the main and the subordinate clause. |
| Jason: Can you give me a sample sentence? |
| Cristina: Penso che Giovanni stia uscendo ora. |
| Jason: "I think Giovanni is going out now." |
| Cristina: Now we’ll focus on how the tense agreement works when the verb of the main clause is in the past tense of the indicative mood. |
| Jason: So when the verb of the main clause is in the past tense… |
| Cristina: The trapassato is used in the subordinate clause to express an action that happened before the one of the main clause. |
| Jason: For example? |
| Cristina: Pensavo che Sara avesse cucinato la pasta,ma in realtà non ha fatto niente. |
| Jason: "I thought that Sara had cooked pasta but she actually didn’t prepare anything." |
| Cristina: If I want to describe two actions that happen at the same time the verb is in the imperfetto in the subordinate clause. |
| Jason: Can you give me a sample sentence? |
| Cristina: Non pensavo ti interessassi di calcio. |
| Jason: "I didn’t know you were interested in soccer." |
| Cristina: If in the main sentence there are verbs like preferire or volere in the conditional present tense, the verb in the subordinate clause is in the congiuntivo imperfetto to express contemporaneity |
| Jason: Can you give us a sample sentence? |
| Cristina: Se non ti dispiace preferirei che andassimo nel primo anello. |
| Jason: "If you don’t mind I would rather go to the first ring." |
| Cristina: The verb in the subordinate clause is in the congiuntivo trapassato to express anteriority. |
| Jason: For example… |
| Cristina: Vorrei che l’inverno fosse già finito. |
| Jason: "I wish winter was already gone." |
Outro |
| Jason: OK. That's all for this lesson. In the lesson notes, you can find more examples on this grammar point. So be sure to read them. |
| Cristina: A presto! |
| Jason: Bye-bye! |
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