Learn about the hypothetical period
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Cinzia: Buongiorno a tutti. Mi chiamo Cinzia. |
| Marco: Marco here. Lower intermediate series, season 1, lesson 9. Can Your Italian Keep You High and Dry? Buongiorno a tutti. I am Marco and we’d like to welcome you to the 9th lesson of the lower intermediate series in italianpod101.com |
| Cinzia: Benvenuti. |
| Marco: We will be guiding you through basic grammar and vocabulary. |
| Cinzia: And don’t forget that we are going to discuss different aspects of the language, culture and customs that you find in Italy. |
| Marco: Before we jump in, don’t forget to press a center button on your iPod to see the lesson transcript in your display. |
| Cinzia: In today’s lesson, we will be studying the Type 0 hypothetical period. |
| Marco: This is really high level stuff. |
| Cinzia: Yes but it sounds so cool. |
| Marco: It does, it does. Type 0 hypothetical period. These are just things that we use every day without even thinking about them. So let’s start with a dialogue that I will be reading all myself because I will be both Manuel and Frederick. |
| Cinzia: Who are friends. So they will be talking in informal Italian. All yours, Marco. |
| Marco: Grazie. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Manuel: Se piove il balcone si bagna. |
| Frederik: È normale. |
| Manuel: Ah si? |
| Frederik: Attento che se la finestra è aperta la pioggia entra in casa. |
| Manuel: Non lo sapevo, la chiudo subito. |
| Marco: Let’s hear it slowly now. |
| Manuel: Se piove il balcone si bagna. |
| Frederik: È normale. |
| Manuel: Ah si? |
| Frederik: Attento che se la finestra è aperta la pioggia entra in casa. |
| Manuel: Non lo sapevo, la chiudo subito. |
| Marco: And now, with the translation. |
| Manuel: Se piove il balcone si bagna. |
| Manuel: If it rains, the balcony gets wet. |
| Frederik: È normale. |
| Frederik: It's normal. |
| Manuel: Ah si? |
| Manuel: Really? |
| Frederik: Attento che se la finestra è aperta la pioggia entra in casa. |
| Frederik: Be careful that if the window is open, rain gets into the house. |
| Manuel: Non lo sapevo, la chiudo subito. |
| Manuel: I didn't know that; I'll close it immediately. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Cinzia: In today’s dialogue, as you’ve heard, we will see the If clause and one of its particular cases. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Marco: Let’s go on with the vocabulary. The first word is |
| Cinzia: Piovere. |
| Marco: To rain. |
| Cinzia: Piovere. Piovere. |
| Marco: Next word is |
| Cinzia: Balcone. |
| Marco: Balcony. |
| Cinzia: Balcone. Balcone. |
| Marco: Next we have an expression. |
| Cinzia: Ah si? |
| Marco: Really. |
| Cinzia: Ah si. Ah si? |
| Marco: Next word is |
| Cinzia: Finestra. |
| Marco: Window. |
| Cinzia: Finestra. Finestra. |
| Marco: And the next word is |
| Cinzia: Pioggia. |
| Marco: Rain. |
| Cinzia: Pioggia. Pioggia. |
| Marco: And today’s last word is |
| Cinzia: Chiudere. |
| Marco: To close, to lock. |
| Cinzia: Chiudere. Chiudere. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Marco: And now, let’s take a look at the usage for some of these words and expressions. |
| Cinzia: The first word is a verb and it is piovere. |
| Marco: And the first sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Le previsioni dicono che domani pioverà. |
| Marco: The forecast says tomorrow it will rain. |
| Cinzia: Marco, did you know that the verbs expressing weather are some irregular verbs. |
| Marco: Irregulars in what way? |
| Cinzia: I mean, for the conjugation in the Passato Prossimo tense. |
| Marco: Okay so what happens to them? |
| Cinzia: They want the auxiliary essere instead of the auxiliary avere. |
| Marco: So how should we say it rained? |
| Cinzia: è piovuto. |
| Marco: Instead of |
| Cinzia: Ha piovuto. |
| Marco: But I sometimes say also ha piovuto. |
| Cinzia: Yes you can say it in the spoken language and I am sure our listeners could hear it many times using the verb avere instead of essere, but actually the correct Italian is with the verb essere. |
| Marco: So è piovuto. |
| Cinzia: It rained. è nevicato. |
| Marco: It snowed. |
| Cinzia: Don’t be scared to use the verb avere instead of the verb essere but please remember that the verb essere is the correct one. |
| Marco: On with the next word now. |
| Cinzia: The second word we will look at is balcone. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Vorrei vivere in una casa con un bel balcone. |
| Marco: I’d like to live in a house with a nice balcony. |
| Cinzia: Next we have an expression. Ah si? |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Ieri ho visto Mike. Ah si? |
| Marco: Yesterday I saw Mike. Really? |
| Cinzia: The next word is a noun, finestra. |
| Marco: The sample sentence is Cinzia? |
| Cinzia: Hai chiuso la finestra? |
| Marco: Did you close the window? |
| Cinzia: The next word we will look at is pioggia. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Amo la pioggia. |
| Marco: I love rain. |
| Cinzia: Do you? |
| Marco: Yes, yes I do although this year in Italy, we’ve had such strong rains that really it was devastating. |
| Cinzia: Yes especially in the north. |
| Marco: Devastating for crops and also there were some very big accidents also on highways. So it was actually very bad. |
| Cinzia: Do you like being in the rain or do you like staying at home while it’s raining? |
| Marco: Oh I like being outside in the rain. That’s… |
| Cinzia: You do? |
| Marco: Yes, yes its fun. |
| Cinzia: I actually like being at home and lying on the bed or on the sofa watching TV… |
| Marco: Oh and listening to the rain? |
| Cinzia: And listening to the rain. |
| Marco: True, true. |
| Cinzia: Any way, let’s take a look at the last word which is chiudere. |
| Marco: And the sample sentence is |
| Cinzia: Ha chiuso la porta. |
| Marco: He closed the door. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Cinzia: And now let’s take a look at today’s grammar. |
| Marco: First of all, a little bit of introduction about the hypothetical period also in English. |
| Cinzia: Which is divided into three main categories. |
| Marco: In the first type, we have sentences expressing a real condition. In the second one, we have sentences expressing a possible condition. In the third type, we have sentences expressing an impossible condition. |
| Cinzia: In today’s class, we will be guiding you through the theoretical frame regarding the three kinds of if clauses, traits and definitions and we will explain the first type of if clause. |
| Marco: In the first part, we have the subordinate clause which expresses the condition while in the second part, we have the main clause which expresses the consequence, the result. |
| Cinzia: In the first part, we have the subordinata and in the second part, we have the principale. |
| Marco: Respectively subordinate and main. |
| Cinzia: So let’s take a look at some examples now. Se prendi le chiavi possiamo prendere la mia macchina. |
| Marco: If you take the keys, we can take my car. As we can all clearly see, the subordinate if you take the keys expresses the condition that may or may not become true while |
| Cinzia: The main clause, we can take my car, is just the result of the first phrase and depends necessarily on whether the condition become true or not. |
| Marco: We use this pattern every day in every language. |
| Cinzia: Finally please remember that the subordinate clause does not have to necessarily precede the main clause. They can be interchangeable. |
| Marco: So you are free to do whatever you want to the order. |
| Cinzia: But now, let’s take a look at the type 0 hypothetical period. The type 0 hypothetical period is well known in Italian as periodo ipotetico della realtà. And the type 0 if clause stands a little bit apart from the three main hypothetical period types. |
| Marco: And the reason for this is that the sentence expresses the connection between two factual actions. In fact, this if clause is just apparently a hypothesis because in reality, it just connects a cause to its effect. |
| Cinzia: I think we should do some examples to make it clearer. Se piove il suolo si bagna. |
| Marco: If it rains, the ground gets wet. |
| Cinzia: The same sentence can just be turned into another one expressing exactly the same meaning but using quando. |
| Marco: When |
| Cinzia: Just expressing the condition and the moment of that action is happening. |
| Marco: Let’s hear it then. |
| Cinzia: Quando piove il suolo si bagna. |
| Marco: When it rains, the ground gets wet. |
| Cinzia: So quando piove is the cause and il suolo si bagna is the effect. The cause can be expressed both with se or quando. |
| Marco: Okay then so let’s hear one more example. |
| Cinzia: Se ti fai la doccia, ti bagni. |
| Marco: If you take a shower, you get wet. |
| Cinzia: Quando ti fai la doccia, ti bagni. |
| Marco: When you take a shower, you get wet. |
| Cinzia: So just the same as before. |
| Marco: Finally, please remember that type 0 hypothetical period requires the presente indicativo simple present tense in both the subordinata |
| Cinzia: Subordinate |
| Marco: And principale. |
| Cinzia: Main clause. |
Outro |
| Cinzia: Is that all for today? |
| Marco: Quite a long lesson but I think it was very useful. |
| Cinzia: Yes it was useful and I think even a little bit tiring for our listeners and us. |
| Marco: But this is lower intermediate and we’ve had students asking for more difficult things to study. |
| Cinzia: Challenge yourself and be ready for the next lower intermediate lesson. |
| Marco: And don’t forget to check out the PDF. |
| Cinzia: Ciao grazie. |
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