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Batman, Spiderman and the Phantom of the Opera all owe something to the tradition of 17th Century Venice. Huh? No, Spiderman wasn’t adopted from a historical character. I’m not sure that they even had genetically altered spiders in the Venetian republic. I’m talking about masks! I am sure you have seen the beautiful Venetian masks in many Hollywood movies. Today at italianpod101 we are going to take a detailed look at how and when they were used in real life! In this series, we’ll use all Italian blogs to explore the people and places of Italy. Today immerse yourself in Italian, and learn about Venice and its fabulous masks, while learning Italian. For the English translation, review exercises, and for easier courses on Italian, visit ItalianPod101.com! Ciao!

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This entry was posted on Thursday, September 25th, 2008 at 6:30 pm and is filed under Advanced Audio Blog . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

One Response to “Advanced Audio Blog #33 - Venezia #5 - Venetian masks”

ItalianPod101.com says:

Le maschere di Venezia Ai tempi della Repubblica, Venezia vista attraverso gli occhi di una maschera non era solo la Venezia colorata e vivace del Carnevale che ormai oggi tutti conoscono. I Veneziani, infatti, indossavano la maschera anche in molte altre occasioni durante l’anno. Quale motivo li spingesse a celare il proprio aspetto dietro alle fattezze glabre o grottesche di una maschera, in luoghi particolari e oltre il periodo di Carnevale, è facilmente deducibile: non volevano essere riconosciuti. Gli uomini, ad esempio, si mascheravano per sfuggire alle pressanti richieste dei creditori quando partecipavano ai giochi d’azzardo del Ridotto o in occasione d’incontri d’affari poco leciti. Le donne, invece, si mascheravano non solo per non farsi riconoscere ed essere più libere nei loro incontri galanti, ma anche per ragioni estetiche: nelle uscite mondane in tale o tal altra osteria portavano spesso una maschera di velluto al fine di far risaltare il candore del volto e la seducente lucentezza degli occhi. A discapito delle motivazioni o del periodo dell’anno, indossando la maschera e quindi annullando ogni forma di appartenenza a classi sociali, sesso e religione era possibile assumere atteggiamenti e comportamenti in base alle mutate sembianze a tal punto che il saluto che vigeva all’incontro di ogni nuovo “personaggio” era semplicemente “Buongiorno, signora maschera!”. Nel 1600, per limitare l’abuso nell’utilizzo dei mascheramenti, il governo della Repubblica di Venezia decise d’istituire una serie di regole e di pesanti sanzioni. Venne dunque proibito usare la maschera nei periodi che non fossero quelli di Carnevale (anche se all’epoca il Carnevale poteva durare svariati mesi), nei luoghi di culto e in quelli di piacere come ad esempio le sale da gioco. Inoltre, la perdita d’identità e la conseguente irriconoscibilità che la maschera offriva aveva accresciuto in maniera spropositata il numero dei reati commessi tra calli, campielli e canali, già abbastanza bui e pericolosi. Per questa ragione ogni sorta di mascheramento fu vietato nelle ore notturne. Al contrario, l’uso della bauta era d’obbligo durante le cerimonie ufficiali per gli uomini e, più tardi, per le donne sposate quando si recavano a teatro, allo scopo di difenderne l’onorabilità. Coloro che, fin dal XIII secolo, si occupavano della creazione delle maschere erano detti maschereri, cioè mascherai. Nella prima metà del ‘500 le loro botteghe artigiane erano molto diffuse in tutta la città perciò si decise di ammettere la loro arte al Collegio dei Pittori ed essi cominciarono a operare secondo un proprio insieme di regole, la Mariegola, in parte rispettato tuttora da chi ne ha continuato la tradizione. Le maschere più tipiche di Venezia sono senza dubbio la bauta, la moreta e la gnaga. Pantalone, invece, era il costume caratteristico indossato nel periodo del Carnevale, soprattutto per la sua natura di scherno del tipico mercante veneziano. Tuttavia, l’enorme varietà di maschere e mascheramenti che fino a oggi si sono visti sfilare per le strade di Venezia rendono l’esperienza del travestimento unica, da vivere e rievocare in eterno. —-Informal English—- Venetian masks At the time of the Republic, the Venice that people saw through the eyes of a mask was not just that colorful and lively Venice seen during Carnival time, the one that everybody usually thinks of. Venetians, in fact, used to wear costumes and masks on many other different occasions during the year too. The reasons pushing them to conceal their look behind the shaven and grotesque features of a mask, on those occasions beyond Carnival time, is easy to understand: they didn’t want to be recognized. Men, for example, wore fancy costumes in order to avoid pressing requests from creditors when gambling at The Ridotto, or on occasions of illicit business. Women, however, wore masks not only not to be recognized, and to feel more free during their romantic rendezvous, but also for more esthetic reasons: in their mundane roundabout trips, from tavern to tavern, they often wore a velvet mask in order to exalt their facial candor as well as the seducing brightness of their eyes. Besides these motivations and that of different times of the year, by wearing the mask and costume, one could nullifying every telltale sign of social class, sex and religion, it was possible to establish new behaviors and attitudes according to these changed appearances, to the point that the common greeting when addressing each new “character” was a simple “Good morning miss mask!” In 1600, in order to limit the misuse of masks and costumes, the Venetian Republic’s government decided to establish a set of rules and heavy sanctions. It was thereafter forbidden to wear costumes except during the period of Carnival (even though, at that time, Carnival could last several months), as well as in places of cults and those of pleasure, like the gambling halls. Furthermore, the loss of identification – and the subsequent recognition difficulties that the mask offered, had enormously increased the number of crimes committed in the narrow streets, squares and canals, which were already dark and dangerous enough. For this reason any sort of costumes and masks were forbidden during nighttime. Instead the use of the bauta mask was compulsory at official ceremonies for men and, later,by married women attending theatre shows, in order to protect their honor. Those in charge of creating masks, since the XIII century, were called maschereri, namely ‘mask makers’. In the first half of the XVI century their workshops were spread all over the city, it was therefore decided to admit their art craft to the Painters’ College and they started to operate according to a common set of rules, called the Mariegola, still partially followed at present time by those who continue the tradition. Undoubtedly the most representative of Venetian masks are the bauta, the moreta and the gnaga. The Pantaloon, as well , was a common costume during Carnival, notably because of its sarcastic way of depicting the typical merchant of Venice. But the enormous variety of masks and costumes that have been parading through the streets of Venice until the present day makes the experience of disguising oneself unique and one to be relived and evoked eternally.

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